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Friday, May 31, 2019

Defining Abnormality Essay -- Papers

Defining Abnormality One way of defining abnormality is in terms of characteristics or behaviours that are statistic onlyy infrequent (the deviation from statistical norms definition). However, this does not take into account the desirability of a characteristic or behaviour. The definition also fails to recognise that in all cultures large numbers of hatful may engage in behaviours that constitute noetic disorders. A further problem is the failure to identify how far a person must deviate before being abnormal. Such decisions are difficult to make and then consequently justify. The deviation from ideal mental health definition proposes that abnormal people do not possess characteristics that mental healthy people do, or possess characteristics that mentally healthy people do no t. This particular definition relies on value judgements about what constitutes ideal mental health. It is also bound by culture, era-dependent, and limited by the context in which behaviour occurs. Abnormality has also been defined as a failure to function adequately (by not achieving some sense of personal well-being and making some contribution to a larger social group). Experiencing personal distress or discomfort, causing distress to others, and behaving in an unexpected or bizarre dash are often the reasons why people come to the attention of psychologists. Many consider the failure to function adequately definition as being the most(prenominal) useful single approach, and the one clo... ...ly rational, and reflect accurately the unfortunate circumstances in which a person is living. Attempts to put the blame on to the patient may inhibit efforts to produce desirable behaviour. Each of the models explain the origins of abnormality in different ways. However, these models are not necessarily mutually exclusive, since each is effectively examining a different aspect of the individual. The biological model observes that learned behaviour can be maladaptive whilst the cognitive model claims that thoughts can be irrational and then also maladaptive. The behaviourist model states that abnormal behaviour is learnt in the same way as other types of behaviour through stimulus-response mechanisms and operant conditioning. Each of the models is government issue to certain practical and ethical considerations also.

Thursday, May 30, 2019

Do not go gentle into that good night by Dylan Thomas :: Poetry

Do not go gentle into that good night by Dylan doubting Thomas is a poem about death. Dylan Thomas wrote this poem during the last illness of his bugger offs life. The author creates an image of death with the use of the sons pleading dustup asking his father to fight against the darkness that is taking over and leading him into the afterlife. Dylan Thomas meticulously creates an image of death through the use of cunning words and by tolerant each word a deeper significance than its literal connotation. The author uses the image of death in every paragraph of the poem. It is one of despair and gloom. Dylan Thomas uses the words night (1.1) and dark (2.1) to describe the certain outcome of the father. Thomas declares Rage, rage against the dying of the light (1.3) to generate the feeling that death is unpleasant therefore forming a grim image for the reader. The author as well as uses numerous literal undertones throughout the poem to produce a melancholy attitude in the reader. He speaks of bright men (2.1), good men (3.1), wild men (4.1) and grave men (5.1) all coming to their death without any hope of life continuing thereof encouraging the guarantee that everyone will come to their end. The literary element of tone is also present in this poem. Thomas sets the tone by conveying his irritability about death by using grim words coming together to create a poem only nineteen lines long. Thomas also repeats Rage, rage against the dying of the light (1.3) and Do not go gentle into that good night (1.1) several times, communicating a dreadful tone to the reader. By using these strategically placed words and phrases, he forms a word-repeating pattern that is often found in the tone of anger.

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

A Habit of Being Great: Learning From Flannery O?Connor :: essays research papers fc

There she stands, to me, a phoenix risen from her own words calm, slow, funny, courteous, both modest and actually sure of herself, intense, sharply penetrating, devout but never pietistic, downright, occasionally fierce, and honest in a way that restore to honor to the word, this is how Sally Fitzgerald exposit her dear friend bloody shame Flannery OConnor. (xii) Not to long ago, I read my first Mary Flannery OConnor story and I came to view Mary Flannery OConnor as an artist whose key subject was grace, but what are these stories, these works of art truly about, what is Flannery O Connor trying to tell the readers. In aim to interpret a story though the eyes of an author like Flannery OConnor you must first look through the eyes of the author. You must distinguish what he/she sees. It would be compulsive to believe that a person can truly understand another by studying them, but I project learned a great deal in trying to do so. Mary Flannery OConnor wrote about grace and sa lvation, and has taught me about finding truth I attribute the lessons she has taught me to, the way she viewed herself, the way others viewed her, her writings, and many other effects. Mary Flannery OConnor was confident, modest, and honest. She often criticized herself. She once referred to herself as prematurely arrogant in a letter to her friend, Paul Engle. (Fitzgerald 14) Flannery described herself as a pigeon-toed only child with a receding chin and a you-leave-me-alone-or-Ill-bite-you complex.(Wikipedia) Even with all of her self-critizism, she was self-confident. She was quite arrogant and lead her to write what I believe is her greatest work, The Artifical Nigger. What she often described as proably the best thing she would ever write , The Artifical Nigger a story that she contains more than she herself ever understood.(Fitzgerald xviii) She was witty and quick to tell you exactly what she thought. In OConnors letters she never lied not fifty-fifty to spare the feelings of those she was in correspondence with. She lived a seemly boring life, but was always lively and sharp until the day she died. Many people adore her and she adored them as well,but the person who knew OConnor best would have to be Sally Fitzgerald. It is though her eyes that I see who the true Mary Flannery OConnor was. It is clean-living that even though OConnor lived a sheltered life she still was a people.

Budget for Terrorism :: essays papers

This years budget go forth be required to address the saucily and dangerous reality of terrorism on the US home front. Over the next 5 eld $50 cardinal dollars has been allotted to plans that are specifically geared to dealing with terrorism. In my flavor in is important to separate the budget into two different categories of counter-terrorism. The first category allocates money in response to the attacks of September 11th. This money will change to programs that offer monetary assistance to both those directly affected by the attacks and those suffering from the negative economic impact of the attack. Approximately $30 cardinal dollars will be allocated to these programs for the first 2 years of the budget. In the following three years the monetary sanction will be decreased to $20 billion dollars and that money will be funneled into maintaining security concerns both at home and abroad. The second category of programs seeks to combat terrorism on the home front. The program s included here(predicate) will focus on preparing the US for and against more attacks. For the first two years the remaining $15 billion dollars will be given to these programs. afterwards two years that $15 billion will be increased to $25 billion dollars because of the assumption that as the war on terrorism continues late avenues of terrorism will develop and new security measures will have to be developed.In the first 2 years $25 billion dollars of aid will be distributed into economic aid programs. $10 billion dollars will go as aid to US commercial airlines and the other $15 billion will go to increasing the benefits of the unemployed. It is important to help the airlines recover because of the money the represent in business and tourism. Also there is the issue of the lose of jobs in aviation since the attacks. In the 2-month period since September 11th 200,000 jobs have been lost in aviation. With the unemployment rate at its highest in the past 20 years the governmen t cannot afford an even larger decrease in jobs. After 2 years this $10 billion will be decreased to $7 billion. This is an optimistic assumption that within this time period the airlines will be able to stabilize from the emergency and also be able to adapt to the new demands on their business. However, it is important to continue the aid

Tuesday, May 28, 2019

Testosterones Effects on Biology and Behavior Essay -- Hormones Sexua

Testosterones Effects on Biology and BehaviorIntroduction The study of the interaction between hormones and behavior is truly a complex one. It would be truthful if it were true that hormones directly cause a behavior. We know the consanguinity between hormones and behaviors is reciprocal. Higher levels of hormones increase the probability of certain behaviors, and certain behaviors increase the probability of limiting in hormones. The Bio brotherly Model was developed to encompass the influences and relationships the social environment, biology, and behavior have with one another, and how they interact to influence one another. Biology affects the type of behavioral result that a person has to the social environment. At the same time, that behavioral response is influencing the physiological reaction the body has to that stimulus. That environmental stimulus induces those behaviors that cause our bodys internal biology to react. Therefore, anyone of the three variables, social environment, behavior, or biology, can cause a change in the others. When applying this model to behavioral endocrinology, the relationship between hormones, behavior, and the social environment is examined. It is important to study these relationships to try and determine to what extent each factor affects the other. How much does testosterone influence aggression, or risk behaviors such as smoking, knowledgeable promiscuity, or alcohol abuse? As researchers become closer to finding these answers, they become closer to finding out how to treat and council people on these types of activities. In this study, several hypotheses are made about the hormone testosterone, and its relationships to biology, health and social behaviors. On average, te... ... Also testosterone collections would need to be done in both(prenominal) genders when subjects are not sexually stimulated, while sexually stimulated, such as while watching a sexual video, and after stimulation. In this way the relationship between testosterone and sexual behavior might better be understood. For a study of aggression/antisocial behavior subjects (male and female) should be given a questionnaire pertaining specifically to hostile and rebellious behaviors. Collection of testosterone samples should be taken when subjects are at a baseline (not exposed to stimulation), when faced with a situation that might pattern aggression, such as an argument, and collected after the situation has ended. These types of studies could better equip researchers with an understanding of these relationships, as well as the relationships testosterone has with other behaviors.

Testosterones Effects on Biology and Behavior Essay -- Hormones Sexua

Testosterones Effects on Biology and BehaviorIntroduction The study of the interaction between hormones and manner is truly a complex one. It would be simple if it were true that hormones directly cause a behavior. We know the relationship between hormones and behaviors is reciprocal. Higher levels of hormones increase the luck of certain behaviors, and certain behaviors increase the probability of change in hormones. The Biosocial Model was developed to encompass the fascinates and relationships the social environment, biology, and behavior have with one another, and how they interact to incline one another. Biology affects the type of behavioral response that a person has to the social environment. At the same time, that behavioral response is influencing the physiological reaction the organic structure has to that stimulus. That environmental stimulus induces those behaviors that cause our bodys internal biology to react. Therefore, anyone of the three variables, soci al environment, behavior, or biology, can cause a change in the others. When applying this model to behavioral endocrinology, the relationship between hormones, behavior, and the social environment is examined. It is important to study these relationships to try and determine to what extent each factor affects the other. How much does testosterone influence aggression, or risk behaviors such as smoking, sexual promiscuity, or alcohol abuse? As researchers become closer to conclusion these answers, they become closer to finding out how to treat and council people on these types of activities. In this study, several hypotheses are made about the hormone testosterone, and its relationships to biology, health and social behaviors. On average, te... ... also testosterone collections would need to be done in both genders when subjects are not sexually stimulated, while sexually stimulated, such as while watching a sexual video, and after stimulation. In this way the relationship between testosterone and sexual behavior might better be understood. For a study of aggression/ antisocial behavior subjects (male and female) should be given a questionnaire pertaining specifically to hostile and rebellious behaviors. Collection of testosterone samples should be taken when subjects are at a baseline (not undetermined to stimulation), when faced with a situation that might warrant aggression, such as an argument, and collected after the situation has ended. These types of studies could better equip researchers with an understanding of these relationships, as advantageously as the relationships testosterone has with other behaviors.

Monday, May 27, 2019

Ghost Soldiers Essay

The novel, Ghost Soldiers is a great book written by Hampton Sides. It depicts the true horrors of war, friendship and hope. The story takes place in the Philippines during the Japanese coup detat of the island from 1942 until the year 1945, after the outbreak of World War II, when the Japanese assaulted the Philippine islands and captured it. This resulted in many prisoners of war. The American armies ran out of supplies and were tired from fighting and it guide to the part with of the American army, the Bataan death march and the imprisonment at Cabanatuan camp.The American navy was not able to evacuate completely. Most of the soldiers were left behind and taken as prisoners by the Japanese army. Hundreds of the American soldiers were taken to the Cabanatuan Camp where they were taken as captives. The Japanese were brutal to the prisoners. They tortured the prisoners, starved them, and they did not give them necessary supplies to survive, no medicine, and adequate food. In chap ter one, the book focused more on April 1942. During the time nobody thought that the Japanese would attack the Philippines.American forces that were in the Philippines were relaxed thinking that the Japanese would not attack and after months of siege the American defense collapsed. During the defense, Major General Edward King was the commander of the forces at Bataan. The Japanese attack is sustained, vicious and victorious, forcing Philippine and American armies to surrender. After the surrender of the American Army in Bataan, they were grouped to form the Bataan death march. They were forced to walk through the mosquito infested jungle, with the hot temperature reaching tight one hundred degrees.Most of the soldiers died in the Battle of Bataan, as they reached the camp many of the soldiers were sick and starved by the Japanese. After being held at the war camp for three years, the Japanese war ministry issued a Kill All Policy which meant that they will exterminate tout ense mble the war camps in the Philippines, killing all the US prisoners in the camp. At the camp named Palawan, over a hundred U. S. soldiers were forced into gasoline filled trenches and burned alive. At camp Cabanatuan the American prisoners were oosing hope, they confide that they are forgotten by their comrades and their country.They called themselves the Ghost Soldiers. In January 1945 at the 6th Army Headquarters, Colonel Henry A. Mucci had been selected to devise a plan and to lead the rescue guardianship to camp Cabanatuan. Mucci was a tough and ambitious leader. He had been assigned to find a way to free the prisoners behind enemy lines before it was too late. It appeared to be strategically impossible for them to rescue the prisoners. They would face the heavy resistance by the Japanese and greatly outnumbered.But Mucci was ambitious despite the extreme challenge onwards of him he still took the task. Mucci selected a young Captain Robert Prince to lead the raid who came up with a brilliant yet daring plan. He hand-picked 121 elite rangers and Alamo scouts to go into 30 miles deep into enemy territory and make a surprise attack on the camp. The U. S. joined forces with the Filipino resistance to increase their chances of success. The resistance was led by Captain Juan Pojota who had knowledge of the land area that helped them guide the group to their goal.

Sunday, May 26, 2019

With regard to inventory management

With regard to inventory direction, discuss the difference between a replacement philosophy and a requirements philosophy. BY koptgak0722 They are some difference between a replenishment philosophy and a requirements philosophy. The Inventory replenishment refers to the way an presidency puts into place adequate procedures and methodologies to prevent shortages in its sales and output signal processes. Consistent stock deficits ultimately may generate losses, because production deviseers wouldnt have the necessary resources to conclusion batches nd factories would come to a halt.Replenishment tactics often focus on internal or external routes. Internal replenishment means periodically abject merchandise from reserve storage to factory warehouses. External replenishment calls for analytic dexterity and logistical acumen, and It deals with how production laborers work with accounting personnel to send acquire orders to vendors and service providers. The requirements philosophy as Merchandise requirements is the product of manufacturing knowledge and sales expertise, especially when it comes to evaluating ustomers needs and anticipating bulk orders.This dlsclpllne enables department heads and business-unit chiefs to review production logs, compare them with unfinished sales orders and determine whether the company will have sufficient merchandise to meet commercial commitments. Middle perplexity does so to support the production work stream and keep manufacturing foremen abreast of items to produce and discontinue and potential overproduction risks. Chapter 1 Question 2 What is the difference between the terms production steering and operations attention?Production Management is on the focuses specifically on the production of goods and services and is concentrated upon churning output from input. It is a broad add of activities that go into turning raw material into final, finished product. One may feel that production management Is a subset of opera tions management, but production management In itself Is a broad subject that comprises production planning and control, inventory management, and operations control. Production management includes all management activities spanning selection.Designing, operating, controlling and updating production system. Operation Management Is a broad sum of activities that go Into turning raw material Into final, finished product. One may feel that production management is a subset of operations management, but production management in itself is a broad subject that comprises production planning and control, inventory management, and operations control. Production management Includes all management actlvltles spanning selection. Designing, operating, controlling and updating production system.Question 3 What is the different between operations management and supply chain management? produce a service or product for a customer. On the other hand, managers over supply chains are tasked with the r esponsibility of getting the goods or materials to the place of production. A high emphasis on the supply chain managers is getting those raw materials to the operation at the precise time that the materials will be converted by the operation. If the delivery timing is off, an operation will face either shortages or increased inventories.

Saturday, May 25, 2019

Racism In Sports And Its Impact On Managers And Coaches

ABSTRACTThis paper explores on racism in British sports. It will consider the effect to which racism in sports continues to prevail and the impact that racism may shed on a sports coach or manager. This will include a brief review of the history of British sports, in particular, the battlefront of pagan diversity in the British ordination and the involvement of this diversity in British sports.The paper will also examine the main currents of sociological thought which hold up in cooked research in this field. It will consider more or less of the common perceptions of sports in the discussion of racism in sports and argue against the conception of any oneness body of thought being viewed as universal. The paper will point out that Success in sports is a result of a complex interplay of factors including motivation and access to opportunities and that the physiological differences betwixt hunt downs have very little bearing on the performance of the individual.INTRODUCTION Sport is a lottimes cognise to many people as a place where normal problems of the real world cease to exist. Many believe the sports world to be a deterrent example of race relations. Through display via the television and any other media coverage, it is seen by most fans that it doesnt matter whether one is obtuse or snow-clad, what matters in the play field is ones ability. Hence, sport is seen by many as a paradigm of how an integrated familiarity should run into (Bradley 2006).However, a closer look at sports reveals that this idyllic picture is misleading. Although studyity of the players in professional sports are the Afri batch-the Statesns, this doesnt imply absence of racism. For example, the African -Americans are underrepresented in administrative ranks and learn (Jarvie & Reid 1997). Also some customary arguments serve to contribute to prejudices, myths and stereotypes about different racial groups hence leading to their discrimination.In this analysis we e xplore on the extent to which racism in sports continues to prevail and the impact that racism may have on a sports coach or manager. We shall begin our analysis by delimitate what we mean by racism and conduct a review of the history of British sports, in particular, the presence of ethnic diversity in the British society and the involvement this diversity in British sportsWHAT IS RACISM?Racism is defined as any form of discrimination which may be in the form of restriction, distinction, exclusion or preference of a group of individuals base on their race, colour, descent and ethnic origin. This has the effect of impairing or nullifying enjoyment, recognition or exercise on the same footing of fundamental rights in various fields of public life (CRE 2004).HISTORICAL BACKGROUNDThe British society has long been characterized by ethnic diversity. This diversity is attributed to historical reasons such as invasion, expansion and the role of Britain as a haven for those fleeing from p ersecution (British council 2003). In order to understand the relationship between ethnicity and sport, we mustiness first review the history of B leave out and Asian immigrants into the UK.The black presence in the UK can be traced back to the Roman times. During the 3rd century, a infinitesimal group of the Roman army, an African division, was deployed at Hadrians Wall and the Blacks entering Britain were limited to a small number by the Elizabethan parliament (British council 2003). bank the mid-20th century, Immigration into ports like capital of the United Kingdom, Bristol, Cardiff and Liverpool was limited to a small number blacks, Asians, and Chinese people (British council 2003).Blacks involvement in British sports was first noticed after America gained its independence (1775-1783) (British council 2003). In boxing, for example, Randolph Turpin who emerged as the world middleweight champion in 1951, following his victory over the great Sugar Ray Robinson was known to be t he black boxer of the era (British council 2003). In athletics, the British Caribbean gave a name to their sprinters towards the end of the 19th century up to the late 1950s. Cricketers too were there including Learie Constantine for Trinidad, who played between the wars in Lancashire (British council 2003).IMPACT OF POST-WAR IMMIGRATION (1945-70)After World War II, Britain experienced several waves of immigration, with 492 jamaicans migrating to Tilbury Docks in 1948 followed by the Asians and West Indians (British council 2003). By 1958, the number of West Indians and Asians in Britain were about 125000 and 55000 respectively (British council 2003). These immigrants were givingly welcomed by the National Health Service, and the transport, textile and service industries in efforts to rebuild Britains shattered economy.A final major phase of immigration occurred during the periods between 1968 and 1974 which saw over 70,000 Kenyan and Ugandan Asians immigrating to Britain (British council 2003). By 1974, the number of Black and Asian immigrants in Britain was more than one zillion (British council 2003). Today, it is claimed that the official government figures for minority ethnic groups in the UK stands at around 3.3 million Britons, a figure just below 6% of the British people (British council 2003).RACIAL TENSIONSWith new immigrants in Britain, accommodating them consequently became a major problem with most of them settling in poor and inner-city areas. Prejudice and discrimination then became a feature of the immigrant experience. With immigrants concentrated in the poor and inner-city areas, racial tensions then became a feature of the British society with areas such as Notting Hill and Nottingham having the vanquish riot experiences of 1958 (British council 2003).Subsequent racial tensions were later seen during the 1979 and 1985 in parts of Liverpool, Bristol, and capital of the United Kingdom as well as in many poor inner-city areas (British co uncil 2003). Up to date, communicative abuse, harassment and oppression are still features of experiences of some minorities in Britain. More insidious, are the stereotypes, racial comments and racist beliefs that continue to construct customary in British sports.RACISM IN SPORTSBoth the law and common morality require all citizens in the public sphere to be provided with equal opportunities regardless of the race, sex, gender, depicted object origin, age, creed or disability yet racism continue to remain a common feature of the day (Bauman 1997). Racism still remains prevalent in most fields of public life, sport is no ejection.Common arguments have often suggested sports as producing prejudices, myths and stereotypes that lead to discrimination and under-representation of veritable groups of individuals in sports. racial stereotypes remain firmly rooted in sports with a popular whim that the Blacks are in general more masculine and athletic than the whites (McDonald & Birre ll 1999). Their over-representation in genuine sports is indicative of this and the media representation emphasizing their inherent physicality reinforces this perception.This has resulted in the view that the black and white are biologically different and that the dominance of the Blacks in certain sports is a result of their perceived genetic advantages, yet there is no convincing scientific proof of this (McDonald & Birrell 1999). These stereotypical notions do not recognize wide-cut with-in group variations and falsely make fixed and distinct assumptions of biological divisions.SUBTLE RACISM IN SPORTSThe tendency to providing an explanation of the success of Black in sports but in terms of inherited factors, thereby devaluing their achievements, is indicative of subtle racism (Garland & Rowe 2001). The success of the Blacks in sports is often attributed to their physicality and a lack of cognitive reach era, on the other hand, the success of whites in sports is equated wit h dedication, intelligence, qualities of character, dependability and work ethics (Bradbury 2003). These apparent assumptions serve to reinforce some form of subtle racism in sports.REVERSE RACISMThere is a general consensus that racism against the Blacks remains prevalent and that the white players rarely experience any form of racism in sports. This is however not true as there is a growing body of evidence that contradicts this belief. In fact, there are certain identity codes at heart the football culture that carry with it racial meanings.An illustrative example is the song Id rather be a paki than a scouse which is often sung to Liverpool fans by fans from Manchester United, Chelsea and Arsenal (Back et.al. 2001). The song is directed at Merseyside fans with the intention of demoting the status of those that come from Merseyside from being a normal English society to one that is frowned upon (Back et.al. 2001).CRITICAL RACE THEORYAttempts have however been made to confront ra cial distinctions in the society. One of the frameworks established to challenge racism in the society is the Critical Race Theory (cathode-ray tube). This framework has some utility for anti-racism in sport. CRT is an important theoretical tool that provides antiracists with a framework that challenges narrow race thinking, orthodoxies and under-theorized approaches in sport, hence strengthening their praxis in what critical race theorists view as a racist world (Hylton 2008).In simple terms, the CRT provides antiracists with a framework from which they can examine the prevalence of racism in the society where in the whites are privileged to the disadvantage of the blacks. It recognizes and acknowledges the voice of the blacks who are often marginalized in practice and mainstream policy (Hylton 2008). Two areas of convergence between anti-racists and critical race theorists are the focus on social justice and transformation. The CRT challenges institutional arrangements in sport, b oth present and past, that subjugate, racially discriminate and oppress (Hylton 2008).ETHNIC AND RACIAL DIVERSITY IN SPORTSAs we have identified in the previous(prenominal) sections, there is the popular notion of the blacks as more inherently superior in physical ability than the whites. This is evident in their over-representation in high indite sports. For example, distance runnel is dominated by Kenyans and an African American is 28 times more believably than a white individual to reach NBA and 15 times to reach the NFL (Turner & Rasmussen 2003).The trend is also reflected within the contemporary British society where, despite accounting for less than 2% of the overall population, the Blacks dominate with at least 50% of the British athletic squad, boxing champions, and first division basketball players (Turner & Rasmussen 2003). Also, one in five professional soccer players is more likely to be an African American (Turner & Rasmussen 2003).Their overrepresentation is even m ore notable in athletics. Until the 1960s, most of the sprint champions came from the white group (Turner & Rasmussen 2003). Today, however, sprinting is dominated by the Blacks who hold 95% of the top times globally (Turner & Jones 2010). Majority of the gold winners at the Atlanta games of 1996 were the Blacks. Also, almost all of the runners who have broken the 10-second barrier for 100 metres have been the Blacks (Turner & Rasmussen 2003). On the contrary, however, they have underachieved in swimming relative to the whites. Inevitably, people draw conclusions from what they see, resulting in popular mythology and stereotypical views about the blacks.Research into group or individual differences have in general concentrated around the issue of nature vs nurture (Sugden & Bairner, 1999). That is, the extent to which difference between groups can be explained from the biological perspective or as a result of environmental conditions such as access and opportunity. Where emphasis is placed on the environmental factors, the assumption is that the difference can be modified. Where emphasis is on the biological factors, it is assumed that the differences are stable and unchangeable (Sugden & Bairner, 1999).However, actual evidence for genetic superiority in sports is scant and often flawed. The running superiority in Blacks has been speculated as a result of less subcutaneous fat and larger muscle mass (Daryl & David 2010). This has also been used to explain their lack of success in swimming due to buoyancy. However, had this theory of buoyancy been valid, then we would have more women superior to men, and endomorphs to ectomorphs (Daryl & David 2010). Clearly, this is not the case.In the actual sense, success can be attributed to the adaptive qualities resulting from strenuous training and cultural values (Roche 1998). There is need for an approach that recognizes that a range of factors must come into play including motivation and access to opportunities. The p hysiological differences between races have very little bearing on the performance of the individual.IMPACT OF RACISM ON SPORTS COACHESRacism in sports sure enough creates insurmountable problems as they exert powerful influences on a persons perception, sports coaches are no exception. For example, sports positional roles may be allocated depending on racial stereotypes. Racial stereotypes, within the sport dynamics, are apparent through stacking, a phenomenon where athletes are assigned certain playing positions by the coach based on the supposed racial attributes such as power and speed rather than actual achieved performance (Turner & Jones 2010).More often, the Blacks have been relegated to positions associated with physical rather than mental prowess, while the white athletes have been relegated leadership positions (Turner & Jones 2010). Research has shown that the stacking of the Black players to positions that emphasize physical rather than mental prowess, especially in ga mes such as rugby and soccer, has become a common occurrence in the UK (Turner & Jones 2010).Public pronouncements of managers and coaches have tended to perpetuate crude racial stereotypes. For example, in 1993, Ron Noades-chairman of Crystal Palace at the time- made some racial remarks in an infamous television documentary about his football team which was predominantly black (Bose 1996). As quoted in Bose (1996 p.84), Ron stated that when you are getting into midwinter in England, you need a few of the maybe hard white men to carry the artistic black players through. While manager at Queens Park Rangers (QPR), Jim Smith was noted claiming that the black players used very little intelligence and that their success in sports was due to their sheer natural talents (Cashmore 2003).These stereotypes are further perpetuated by the media through their reporting that emphasizes on the physicality rather than qualities such as effort, courage, and intelligence. The most notable example can be seen when the tabloid press picked on Linford Christies photograph in a tight fitting shorts and ran a crude sexual reference to his anatomy, based on the stereotype that blacks were more masculine and physically fit than the whites (British council 2003).Racism in sports is also evident through the underrepresentation of blacks in anxiety positions. Despite the large representation of blacks in British sports, it is apparent that management and leadership positions are rarely made available to them. Only a few of them hold management positions, for example John Barnes who was previously the Liverpool winger is now in charge of managing Celtic (British council 2003). Similarly, very few positions are made available to the Black and Asian referees, with an exception of Uriah Rennie, who is currently on the Football League list (British council 2003).CONCLUSIONAs identified above, racial stereotypes remain firmly rooted in sports with the popular notion that the Blacks are na turally athletic and more masculine than the whites. These stereotypical notions do not recognize wide with-in group variations and falsely make fixed and unambiguous assumptions of biological divisions.Moreover, these stereotypes are further perpetuated by the media through their reporting that emphasizes on physicality before qualities such as intelligence, courage and effort. In addition, public pronouncements of managers and coaches have tended to perpetuate crude racial stereotypes. More often, the Blacks have been relegated to positions associated with physical rather than mental prowess, while the white athletes have been relegated leadership positions. Also some popular arguments serve to contribute to prejudices, myths and stereotypes about different racial groups. Clearly, racism is still a feature of the British sports.REFERENCEBack, L., T. Crabbe and J. Solomos, 2001. The Changing Face of Football Racism, identity element andMulticulture in the English Game. Oxford Berg Bauman, Z., 1997. Postmodernity and its Discontents. Cambridge PolityBose, M., 1996. The sporting alien English sports lost Camelot. Edinburgh Mainstream.Bradbury, S, 2003. Racisms and Anti-Racism in English Football. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of LeicesterBradley, J.M., 2006. Sport and the disputation of Ethnic personal identity Football and Irishness in Scotland. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Vol 32 (7), pp. 1189-1208.British Council, 2003. Ethnicity and sport. Viewed on 23rd February 2012. Available from http//www.pages.drexel.edu/rosenl/sports%20Folder/Ethnicity%20and%20Sport.pdfCashmore, E., 2003. Encyclopedia of race and ethnic studies. London RoutledgeCommission for Racial Equality (CRE), 2004. Racial Equality in Football. CRE LondonDaryl, A. and R. David, 2010. Beyond BoundariesRace, ethnicity and identity in sportGarland, J. & M. Rowe, 2001. Racism and Anti-Racism in Football. London PalgraveHylton, K., 2008. Race and sport Critical Race Theory. Routle dge Taylor & Francis GroupJarvie, G. and I. Reid, 1997. Race relations, sociology of sport and the new politics of race and racism. Stirling, Univesity of Stirling E& FN SponTurner, D. and I. Jones, False startUK sprint coaches and black/white stereotypes. Hatfield University of Hertfordshire. Viewed on 23rd February 2012 Available from https//uhra.herts.ac.uk/dspace/bitstream/2299/2407/1/900739.pdfTurner, D. and R. Rasmussen, 2003. On your marks, get stereotyped, go Novice coaches and black stereotypes in sprinting. Viewed on 22nd February 2012. Available from https//uhra.herts.ac.uk/dspace/bitstream/2299/487/1/101603.pdfMacClancy. J. (ed.), 1996. Sport, Identity and Ethnicity. Oxford, Berg, pp.203.McDonald, M. and S. Birrell, 1999. Reading sport critically a methodology for interrogatingPower. Sociology of Sport Journal, 16, pp.283300.Roche, M. (ed.), 1998. Sport, Popular Culture and Identity. Aachen, Meyer & Meyer Sport, pp.224Sugden.J and A. Bairner (eds.), 1999. Sport in Divid ed Societies. Aachen, Meyer & Meyer Sport, pp.234

Friday, May 24, 2019

Concept Application Project Essay

Throughout the semester I have explored many topics in sociology. While exploring these topics, three main theoretical perspectives were mathematical functiond. I will before long illustrate each of the main theoretical perspectives of functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic Interactionism. During this semester I have watched two films, Food Incorporated and The Vernon Johns Story. I will describe how a theoretical perspective is used in each of these examples. Then I will provide my own two examples where concepts and theoretical perspectives eject be illustrated.My number wholeness example is the capital of Massachusetts Marathon Bombings and the second is the Mass Medias coverage of the Boston Bombings. The Functionalist Perspective is a sociological perspective that emphasizes each part of order guidess contributing to the survival of that social club. In Sociology in Modules, they define the functionalists perspective as, A sociological approach that emphasizes the w ay in which the parts of a society argon structured to maintain its stability (Schaefer 15). The functionalist perspective can be comp ard to the human body model. Each part of the body performs specific tasks. For example, our legs allow us to paseo or run and our lungs allow us to breathe. Without each and every body part, one simply can non perform to the maximum potential. Now when a functionalist is looking at a society, they may see different brotherly groups that contribute to a larger population. The Conflict Perspective is a sociological perspective that views the world as a constant trial.In our textbook, Sociology in Modules, they define the conflict perspective as, A sociological approach that assumes that social behavior is best understood in terms of tension between groups over authority or the allocation of resources, including housing, money, access to services, and political representation (Schaefer 15). There atomic number 18 many argonas where conflict can arise in todays society. Religious groups, political parties, and different social classes, may all have conflicting views with other or reversion groups.Examples of the conflict perspective include means of production versus labor and the concentration of wealth. In recent history, the conflict perspective is becoming more popular. With, The widespread social unrest resulting from battles over well-bred rights, bitter divisions over the war in Vietnam, the rise of the feminist and gay liberation movements, the Watergate political scandal, urban riots, and confrontations at miscarriage clinics have moodyered support for the conflict approach (Schaefer 16). Groups in society with different viewpoints often pose a great threat to conflicting parties.The Interactionist Perspective is the third gear main sociological perspective where the traditional way of thinking comes from typical human interaction between groups. Sociology in Modules defines the interactionist perspective as, generalizations about everyday forms of social interaction in order to explain society as a whole (Schaefer 17). The interactionist perspective is also know as symbolic interactionism. I bank it is much easier to look at it from a symbolic interactionism perspective because symbols are easier to understand.From a symbolic interactionist perspective, one may see the world we live in as full of objects. These objects can come on the form of people, places, things, thoughts, feelings, or symbols. Symbolic interactionism looks at these symbols to characterize groups by their symbol. Each symbol may be different. For example, a symbol could be the type of color of car you drive, what you wear to work or school everyday, or even tattoos. Groups in society are often characterized by their symbols. These symbols allow people with similar symbols to communicate with ease.Food Incorporated is a documentary film that portrays the corporate farming industry in the United States as un healthy, harmful, abusive, and inhumane. Food Inc. the movie really gave me something to think about, it only reinforced my beliefs to eat healthy and support organic and free-range grass cater meats. The most meaningful thing to me was when one of the contributors said the corporate farming industry only wants to grow their products bigger, fatter, cheaper, faster. This agribusiness in only in it for the sake of business and they dont see the other side.On the other side there are these products that are cosmos crowd-produced in factory farms. This seemingly only affects the lower class Americans who can only afford the cheapest of food products at the super market. From a financial standpoint, it only makes intellect that people are forced to consume such low quality products at their demise. As the conflict theory would describe it, this is a constant struggle between the producer and the consumer. The producers are producing animal products in close quarter factory farms and feeding them corn, which is not a naturally occurring meal.Specifically cattle and chickens are given hormone shots to make them grown bigger, fatter, and faster. These farms do not treat the animals well at all. The animals live in horrible conditions, often times in their own manure. This causes disease to reach to food that eventually people eat. There are cases that come up all the time where products need to be pulled from the shelves in stores because of contaminated foods. The Vernon Johns story is a true story turned into a movie that portrays a Minister, Vernon John, who leads the African Americans in the fight for civil rights.This film demonstrated the development of social change in the south. First, the blacks do not measure up to the whites in social class. They often held position in social that were not important of looked down upon. For example, the position that Vernon John holds is viewed as a conflict by white law enforcement officials. During the early 1900s, Black Ame ricans were being segregated from society. Secondly, During this time, African Americans were not recognized by society as having any value other than slavery. Race and ethnicity played a large business office in society during this time.African American Racial groups formed and they were discriminated against. Vernon John is a leader of social change. He stepped up and faced the danger in speaking his views. The movie illustrates two great examples of hate crime in the 1920s. The first is when Vernon John was driving in his car late at dark to bring a girl who had been raped to the hospital. The white policemen pulled Vernon John over and just antagonized him for no reason. Another example is when part of Vernon Johns church was set on fire. This was obviously planned by the white Americans out of hatred for Vernon Johns following and community.The blacks were heavily being discriminated against. Third, the government used force and power to exercise their will against Vernon Jo hn and the Black Americans. The movie demonstrates a great example of what goes on in society today. Although the United States may not be going by the exact same situation of discrimination as the 1900s, we are still facing sorts of discrimination and hate crimes today. Which leads me into my next example, the recent Boston Marathon bombings. The Boston Marathon bombings is an alleged terrorist attack that happened during the finish of the 2013 Boston Marathon.On April 15th, 2013, two Muslim brothers from Massachusetts detonated two explosives near the finish line of the Marathon, killing three people and injuring more than 200 people. The 2013 Boston Marathon Bombings display the conflict some people have with society. I am not in the head of the bombers or the investigators so I am only speaking from an outside perspective. With that being said, I cannot imagine what they were thinking when setting off these two explosions in front of thousands of people. From the suspects point of view, they must have seen the world from a conflict perspective.They must have believed that they didnt fit into society. In a Wall Street Journal article, one suspect claims he and his brother were angry about the U. S. wars in Afghanistan and Iraq and the killing of Muslims there (Authorities Say Bomb Suspects mean NYC Attack). My only guess is that their hatred for the United States is so fierce that they concluded in carrying out these horrible acts. It appears that other groups from over seas heavily influenced the suspects. This is just one example of how government, religion, and cultural differences can become conflicting in society.The mass media can influence the coverage of any story by the time it reaches the public. The mass media is defined by Sociology in Modules as, print and electronic means of communication that carries messages to widespread audiences (Schaefer 153). The leverage they have is huge in what information/sources they have and what they release. I n the coverage of the Boston Bombings, the media helped the public understand of what precautions they should take around the threatened area. The media also helped people from across the country understand what was happening in Boston.In this case, I believe the media did a good job in providing accurate information to the public. However, this is not always the case. The conflict view states that gatekeeping can control what information reaches the public. For example the media can choose on which pieces of news to report on, leaving out specifics that could totally twist the story. They can also choose which sources they want to use which may also have an affect on the outcome of the story. Not all social classes have access to certain news sources. Many sources are behind a pay wall, which prohibits some potential viewers from accessing the information.The functionalist view would say that the mass media plays a role in society that keeps it moving forward. Sociology in Modules says, the mass media is to occupy our leisure timefrom newspaper comics and crossword puzzles to the latest music releases on the Internet. While that is true, the media have other important functions. They also interact us, enforce social norms, confer status, and promote consumption (Schaefer 154). This is all very true and it reinforces our viewpoints of the media. Overall, multiple theoretical perspectives can portray the mass media.Indeed, concepts and theoretical perspectives acquire in class are used to illustrate events in society today. First, the example of the Vernon Johns story gives one the ability to see the gentility of social change through the civil rights movement. The second example of the Food Inc. production is one that produces for profit without taking into consideration all the ethical and health needs of American citizens. Third, my example of the Boston Marathon Bombings illustrates conflict and hates crimes in our culture today. Lastly. The mass media a cts as an agent between information and the public through print and electronic versions.The conflict and functionalists theoretical perspectives can be used to analyze the mass media. Therefore, social concepts and theoretical perspectives are used throughout the society we live in today. ? Works Cited Authorities Say Bomb Suspects Planned NYC Attack. WSJ. com. Associated Press, 26 Apr. 2013. Web. 26 Apr. 2013. Food, Inc. Dir. Robert Kenner. Movie One, 2008. DVD. Schaefer, Richard T. Sociology In Modules. New York McGraw-Hill, 2011. McGrawHills Connect. Web. 4 Apr. 2013. The Vernon Johns Story. Dir. Kenneth Fink. 1994. DVD.

Thursday, May 23, 2019

Canadian Culture in the Classroom Essay

at that place is a real lack of appreciation for Canadian belles-lettres across Ontario. In grade 12 classrooms across the province there is a wide variety of material studied, very little of it being of Canadian descent. plot good writers exist in all cultures, Ontario students should mainly study Canadian authors as there exigencys to be focus on Canadian culture, to likewise promote and establish current authors, and to encourage young Canadian writers. Southern neighbours have already swamped Canada with their various ways of life. There is no reason for American culture to leak into the classroom. Canadian culture has never had the chance to blossom, even up with the potential possessed, because of the storied and rich culture that has preceded it. Always under the thumb of inappropriate culture, Canadian authors were always an afterthought. For years, a student in Ontario would study Shakespeare and other British writers, and today, even American writers such as Fitzger ald. All of them, no mistrust writing quality literary productions, but the big picture is being missed. Many schools limit a students exposure to a Canadian falsehood to ISP reading lists.In this sense, Canada is an attic in which we have stored American and British literature without considering our own (Davies, Letters in Canada 426). No wonder a Canadian student has problems appreciating there culture. It seems as though that any Canadian literature studied is out of date to begin with. This includes works such as Mordecais Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz or Lawrences, Stone Angel. Fifth Business, which was published in 1970 over 40 years ago is still on many courses of study in Gr. 12 classrooms. Atwoods Handmade Tale, the most recent of these books was published in 1985 over twenty five years ago.Again, while most teachers allow and may even encourage a student to focus on more modern Canadian books for their ISP, the classroom experience is almost always limited to study ing these princely oldies. In order for Canadian literature to become a staple in the Ontario classroom, there needs to be an infusion of modern Canadian novels. and then there is the issue of these out of date authors not reflecting our modern multicultural society. There needs to be a variety of races represented in literature because, it is these very people which make Canada so diverse. As Robertson Davies stated Canada is not going to have a national literature in the mode of those European lands where a long history has bound the people together, and where a homogeneous racial inheritance has given them a language, customs, and even a national snip of their own (Transactions 35).We need to look at the work of Canadian authors who have come here from different backgrounds as to inspire young authors of all races. There is no doubt a brilliant mind out there, who could turn into a Canadian icon, but simply has no interest in hamlet or Life of Pi. As Canadians, we are addled in a sea of international influences we hardly know who we are. No wonder that Margaret Atwood can color that Canadians have issues with establishing their identity. In discussing Canadian writers, she argues a Canadian state of mind does not really exist Im talking about Canada as a state of mind, as the space you inhabit not just with your body but with your head. Its that kind of space in which we find ourselves lost (Margaret 18).In order for this great nation to continue to produce young writers, to establish the current authors, and to gain Canadian literature the respect it deserves, the focus in the Canadian classroom needs to be on Canadian writers. While some might think that students will be prevented from studying the best literature out there, taking this approach will allow Canadian students to see the value of our authors, especially with the many talented Canadian authors. Although there is no need to completely uproot staples such as Shakespeare, from a curriculum, Canadian culture need to be priority number one.Works CitedAtwood, Margaret. Survival A thematic Guide to Canadian Literature. Toronto McLelland and Stewart, 1972. Print. Davies, Robertson. Letters in Canada. Toronto Macmillan Press, 1979. Print. Davies, Robertson. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada. IV. XIII. Ottawa Royal Society of Canada, 1975. Print.

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

Outline of the Nayar of India Essay

The Nayar argon a matrilineal society that resides in southwest India. They have a unique social organization and culture. Their extended family is among foraging bands, and are formulated of a nuclear family is the basic unit of production and consumption. Culture and religion is one that is serious and all people living under the policy-making jurisdiction are required to follow the state religion. When it comes to kinship, class prearranges children marriages in order to maintain land, wealth, and power within the group.There is still division amidst the roles between manpower and women. Men still considered women, inferior and restricted to the household and men are superior and more intelligent. Today life for the Nayar of India is changing the roles of men and women, with technology rising in communities and becoming more educated women are now leaving their homes for employment. As times change with new technology, the people of Nayar neer forget the importance of religion and family.I. Beliefs and Values1. Family2. Culture3. ReligionII. Kinship1. Children2. Ownership of land3. MarriagesIII. Gender Relations1. The roles between men and women2. Duties portrayed as a community3. Changes in gender responsibilityReferencesNAYAR FAMILY AND KINSHIP A STUDY IN CHANGE AND CONTINUITYhttp//www.isec.ac.in/Nayar_family_and_kinship_A_study_in_change_and_continuity. PdfNowak, B., & Laird, P. (2010). Cultural Anthropology. San Diego, CA Bridgepoint Education. Religion and internationalist Relations http//site.ebrary.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/lib/ashford/search.action?adv.x=1&p00=Nayar+of+India

Tuesday, May 21, 2019

Pwcs 32

Principles of soulal development in braggart(a) settings 32 1. 1 explicate what meditative place is? To create space to focus on my solar day to day movement, task i. e. whether Ive done tasks correctly if I need to work on things if I need supervision what do I need to do next. 1. 2 Explain the importance of reflective apply in continuously improving the quality of service provided? It is important because it identifies weaknesss that wherefore can be developed to provide positive outcome, thus continuously providing quality service. . 3 Explain how standards inform reflective practice in adult social care? Standards inform reflective practice because they impact on how I work in a day today setting. I beat to be fully aware of them and understand the impactions of not working towards them. Reflecting on standards also gives me the opportunity to update myself on any new standards. 1. 4 Describe how knowledge values, beliefs systems and experiences may affect working pract ice?My values, beliefs system and experiences could impact on the work I am doing with residents if I do not film an awareness of my own values etc. This is because I could find it difficult to accept other population values and beliefs, I might feel mine are the right ones and paths I have elect are the ways to successful rehabilitation. 2. 1 Explain how people will react and respond to shaping feedback? Constructive feedback gives people the opportunity to develop if areas for improvement have been identified then this could cause the person to become upset.If this feedback is given in a positive manner then the person is more than seeming to accept it and work on improving. 2. 3 Explain the importance of using feedback in improving own practice? It is important that i obtain feedback this feedback allows me to continuingly improve my working practices it also identifies any areas of development that I may have, I can then work on these areas and I will continuingly progress i n my practices. 3. 1 Explain the importance of using feedback in improving own practice?To have a personal development plan you will have regular meetings with supervisor specifically for PDP during these meetings targets will be indentified for example attending training courses follow up meetings will review what targets have been met and those that are ongoing. 3. 2 Identify sources of support for planning and reviewing own development? To support me whilst doing my PDP I can speak to colleges, my direct contrast manager, and tutor if on any courses. Reference books and internet could be ways to help. 3. 3 Explain the use of goods and services of others in the personal development plan in telling Strengths areas for development?My line manager, colleagues and residents are all equal to(p) to help me identify the strengths that I have and areas of development this is done in one to one settings, lag meetings and from feedback from residents through peer process. 3. 4 Explain the benefits of using a personal development plan to identify ongoing improvements I knowledge and understanding? As a plan is not set in stone it allows new targets to be added throughout the year. Old targets can also be modified or deleted if necessary. This allows for the ongoing improvement in knowledge and understanding and also meets business needs.

Monday, May 20, 2019

Indicators of the Effectiveness of Marketing

An important task of trade query is the evaluation of the specialty and efficiency of market activities. watchfulness companies admit marketers increasingly rigorous reporting and substantiation of expenses. Tired of the high and steadily increasing trade be, executives argon naming the following as merchandise failed new products and failed advertising campaigns, too many telephone calls and expensive campaign that atomic number 18 created to stimulate gross gross revenue but fail to do so. Marketing research is partly able to solve the problem of accountability of selling.Consider the basic approach to evaluating the authority of marketing activities a system of performance marketing. Performance indicators of marketing the criteria by which companies quantify, compargon, and interpret the results of its marketing activities. Brand managers are utilize these indicators, or metrics, program design, and top managers in the parceling of monetary resources. If th e marketer can show how the cash will give the effect of his proposed verses, which means he can no longer justify the allocation of appropriate resources to senior management.Performance indicators can be internal marketing, i. e. , refer to the companys internal surround and foreign, that is, relate to the external environment of the company. In turn, internal and external indicators are divided into Current continuously varying parameters, which require continuous monitoring, and are a lot carried out with the help of a marketing take onive cultivation system. Final indicators that are utilise as marketing the companys goals and evaluated, as a rule, for the quarter, half, or year. Lets consider the nearly general domestic rates. Current domestic rates defect rate of products degree of fellowship of the companys goals of personnel office timeliness of delivery errors in billing inventory turnover It is advisable to keep in mind key indicators that are not directly r elated to marketing activities. For example, estimating the luck of defective products and participating in the task to restrict the reject rate, the marketer, thus reducing production costs, which in turn can reduce the price of the product. A price control is one of the essential tasks of the marketer. Timeliness of delivery can advance customer loyalty and forms in their eyes the image of a reliable and punctual company.The degree of knowledge of the objectives of the company allows staff to make the right decisions in complex ambiguous situations. And, just about often social welfare from such solutions is primarily a consumer. The final internal indices net profit (income) return on sales edge per unit of output return on assets These figures can be attributed to the financial. The marketer should be sure of the dynamics of their growth or decline. Financial performance could not be more eloquently and accurately described as the companys activities in general and the m arketing department.Of course, to a direct relationship between the magnitude of these parameters and the degree of intensity level of the marketing department can not, however, the negative trend indicators will clearly portend the true chosen strategy of the company and, accordingly, a lack of effectiveness of the marketing department. The most popular external indicators include the following. 1. Current external indicators degree of customer satisfaction the telephone relieve oneself of complaints the total number of customers loyalty, retention rates intention to buy awareness of the productThe presented figures are difficult to translate into a financial equivalent. How, for example, brings the companys customer loyalty? Therefore, these parameters are estimated separately, according to a specific, produced for a specific company, the system scales. Also, the absolute set are used, for example, to measure the number of complaints or the total number of customers, and th e relative values of, for example, the percentage of lot who have the intention to purchase goods in the near future. 2. Final external indicators market make out coat of the market comparative sales of new products revenue per customer market growth rate In fact, these figures constitute a root word of industry and competitive rates. Industry indicators a measure to pass judgment the terra firma of the industry its rate of growth or size of the market. It is not possible to measure these indicators. But on the basis of these figures the company can make adjustments to the marketing communications plan or competitive strategy. competitive rates, for example market share, company can assess its position in the market relative to competitors.Market share one of the most important indicators of the effectiveness of marketing activities, and the dynamics of its growth has a direct tinge on sales growth. To ensure the maximization of the diversity metric can be done by the spe cial organizational processes and systems. on the whole materials used in the companys internal and external parameters can be represent as a marketing information system. As a source of data for marketing information system companies can use two systems of market valuation, reflecting the companys results and help to learn in advance closely the possible impending problems.The evaluation system of consumers includes analysis of the following indicators percentage of new buyers from the comely number of customers percentage of dissatisfied customers of the average number of customers percentage of customers who are able to return, the total number of customers percentage of customers who declare their intention to re-purchase the product percentage of customers who declare their intention to recommend a product to others the average perception of roduct quality in comparison with the main competitor percentage of consumers who claim that the product is the most preferable in its category The evaluation of people that have interest. Companies need to continuously monitor the climate of the various groups interested in their work, or to affect it employees, suppliers, banks, distributors, retailers and shareholders. It should also set standards for each group and take action as soon as one or more of them show an increased direct of dissatisfaction. ExampleIn each division of the company Hewlett-Packard evaluation system of customers is applied, which includes from 18 to 20 indicators. Some criteria (customer satisfaction and by the way delivery) the same for all, while others depend on the specifics of each department. Analysis of these estimates allows company management to assess the effectiveness of marketing strategies, sales and profits and to identify areas in which improvements can achieve greater quantitative indicators. 9. 2. Methods for assessing the effectiveness of marketing activitiesEvaluating the effectiveness of marketing activities is ve ry challenging and not always given the opportunity to announce the quantitative effect obtained at the expense of marketing activities. Nevertheless, there are many different approaches for addressing this problem, which allows you to select the following classification of methods for evaluating the effectiveness of marketing. Qualitative methods involve the use of marketing audit, during which the comprehensive analysis of environmental organizations, as well as all the threats and opportunities.In this case there are two areas of marketing control control of marketing results-oriented and marketing audit, i. e. analysis of the qualitative aspects of the organization. Quantitative methods for evaluating the effectiveness of marketing requires comparing the costs of marketing with the resulting gross profit and the cost of advertising to sales, and they characterize the final financial results for the organization. Analysis of the gainfulness and cost analysis can also be one of the options for the quantitative method of assessing the effectiveness of marketing.In evaluating marketing activities should be the parameters that characterize the activity of a particular business units sales volumes, the organization of the market share, margin and net profit. The volume of sales (gross sales) is a complex indicator and reflects not only and not the conquest of efforts to implement the product, but also chosen the right price, and most importantly, how the goods fell in the target group of consumers. Dynamics of sales an indicator of an organizations position in the market, its shares and trends.It should also be noted that independent berth in the analysis of cost structures and evaluating the development potential of the organization is the analysis of break-even point. Break-even volume shows how many goods to be sold, that the resulting contribution margin covers all fixed costs. This volume is an indicator of the organization capabilities to maneuver in the market. sociological methods for evaluating the effectiveness of marketing aimed at using the tools of applied sociology the development of sociological research program and in conformity with its conduct of the study.In the use of tools of applied sociology also is oriented assessment of the effectiveness of marketing communications (advertising effectiveness, sales Tenths methods for assessing the effectiveness of marketing separating its effectiveness for each activity in compliance with the eligibility criteria of the inclination of an orbit of structures and processes of the marketing concept of setting a specific score for each criterion. Nowadays, there is an increasing number of methods to assess the effectiveness of information marketing that are most widely discussed on the Internet.The essence of these methods is that in regularize to evaluate the effectiveness of marketing programs used by Sales Expert 2, Success, and others, which are software for marketing inf ormation systems. In fact, the evaluation of the effectiveness of marketing activities is one of the functions of a marketing information system. All the indicators needed to assess the effectiveness of marketing activities should be incorporated in the marketing information system. Marketer, the drug user of the system is only necessary to define the algorithm and the method of assessing effectiveness. 9. 3.Performance indicators of marketing the criteria by which companies quantify, compare, and interpret the results of its marketing activities. Performance indicators can be internal marketing, i. e. , refer to the companys internal environment and external, that is, relate to the external environment of the company. In turn, internal and external indicators are divided into current which should be continuous monitored and which are often carried out with the help of a marketing information system, and final indicators that are used as marketing the companys goals and evaluate d, usually on the basis of quarter, year.The following methods of evaluating the effectiveness of marketing activities Qualitative methods involve the use of marketing audit, during which the comprehensive analysis of environmental organizations, as well as all the threats and opportunities. Quantitative methods are used for evaluating the effectiveness of marketing requires comparing the costs of marketing with the resulting gross profit, and advertising costs to sales. Sociological methods for evaluating the effectiveness of marketing aimed at using the tools of applied sociology a program of sociological research and in accordance with its conduct of the study. Tenths methods for assessing the effectiveness of marketing isolate its effectiveness for each activity in compliance with the eligibility criteria of the list of structures and processes of the marketing concept of setting a specific score for each criterion. The essence of the method of information lies in the fact tha t the evaluation of the effectiveness of marketing programs used by Sales Expert 2, Success, and others, which are software for marketing information systems.Four tools for monitoring the implementation of the marketing plan. 1. Analysis of the distribution suggests a partitioning of the total sales data into categories such as products, end users, marketing intermediaries, sales territory, and the size of the order. The aim of the analysis to identify strengths and weaknesses of the area, for example, products with the highest and lowest sales, buyers, who account for a large portion of the proceeds, as well as sales agents and territory, demonstrating the highest and lowest quality of work. . Analysis of market share. Sales volume and market share are the primary functions of a number of determining factors. For consumer goods, these factors include the efficient allocation, the relative price, retain or convince the perception of one or more of the essential characteristics o f the product to consumers in comparison with competitors products and product position on store shelves. 3. Itemized analysis of earnings and expenses.Data on sales it is certainly not the only pertinent information regarding the success of marketing activities. Need to monitor values of gross margin and profit margin, and to measure the efficiency and effectiveness of all marketing expenditure items. 4. Analysis of the dimension of marketing costs and sales volumes. Analysis of the annual plan requires ongoing monitoring to achieve the goals of expenditure. The main management measure is the ratio of marketing costs and sales volumes.

Sunday, May 19, 2019

Characteristics of the Market Essay

a. National grocery storeProcessing the small specialty foods with a broad product line and gross sales of $300 million per year which a food brokers instance the company to the retail food chains by the network. This company more focused on cultural food specialties which including salad dressings, sauces for Italian pasta and condiments such as specialties pickles.b. both plants produced productOne in the of import Valley of California at Fresno and the other in Illinois south of Chicago which they buy the ingredients from other foods suppliers to revoke the peak seasonal characteristics encountered by food packers. The company output has take place in voluminous quantities to maintain low production costs and assure consistent product quality.c. Generally order on small quantityCompany has ordered from supplier amounting to five to six cases per order only or about 150 to 200 pounds at a time.d. Poor deliveryHowever, customers carry commented that the company have a poor delivery services because of many of ingredients are shipped over long distances and it has depending on the season.e. Two major department managementThis is include the Marketing and Sales and also has Production department and some(prenominal) staff units for personnel, purchasing and finance. Both of departments are responsible for marketing the product lines such promotion, product stock-take at the public warehouses, providing sales support and also merchandising. There is also a national sales manager who responsibility for maintaining contact with food brokers, coordinating public warehouses and arrange for delivery1) Case drumhead (Whats the issue?)Horizon Foods Corporation (hereafter Horizon) is a still-growing, nationwide foods organization that is widely cognize for its high quality products. With $300 million sales each year, the firm has been relatively successful so far, gaining good reputation and arousing much interest of the public through its brokers and loca l retailers. However, as the company prospers and customers enquire more, Horizon foresees a coming crisis. The distribution issue, which the company has faced for a while, is now causing stock-outs, and increase competition in the market is threatening the companys market share. Authorities involved give-up the ghost to scrutinize the issue and its cause, and they are eager to blame each other for the problems. The division of labor amid two major departments Marketing and Sales, and Production seems to need a complete rearrangement for a more effective process.Horizon should also analyze its current brand positioning in the market and rework its strategies if needed. 2) Q1. What are the characteristics of the market served by the Horizon Foods Corporation? Horizon is a specialty foods processor. It has served a national market composed of food brokers who represent retail store chains. The food brokers make orders to Horizon. Generally, the orders are small. The production is through in two different plants thanks to the ingredients from some food suppliers.The plants are located in rude areas to reduce the cost of transportation. Moreover, Horizon produces in large quantities, and the food produced is very good in quality. The production is dispatched to several public warehouses. Then, these warehouses use contract carriers to deliver the products to the customers. Because of the small orders, the transportation cost to retail stores post be high. The market is very competitive since many of Horizons food competitors also carry a complete production line

Saturday, May 18, 2019

Public Fear of Terrorism

IntroductionTerrorism has become a global challenge, which must be fought by collaborative efforts. Indeed the warf be against act of terrorism takes m all forms and shapes. For instance while traditionally the homeland security has been come to with fighting terrorism from a military point of view t present is a need for it to be empowered to recrudesce deal with terrorism from different dimensions. A new challenge is emerging that is, the way the media is handling the terrorism and especially how it reports and c e trulyplaces terrorism incidences.Media plays a very important role in shaping world intellection in many issues including terrorism. Media coverage of terrorist activities shapes how terrorism events be constructed in the minds of the exoteric. Of late there are eject indications of oecumenic fear in the public to the termination that, whatever the media reports, is seen as a representation of the existing situation on the ground. There is alot of freedom in t he media. With so many freelance journalists who are anxious to make an extra dime at the expense of the commonplace public.Indeed, there is little control over the journalists especially the freelance journalists. The criminal justice has little control over the sifting of learning to the general public. The seemingly free-flow for word of honor in the media means that, whoever comes out with the best news is likely to receive the nigh attention. The craving for news has seen the freelance journalists keen on making quick money violate journalism code of conduct and therefore failing to put into consideration professionalism but become only concerned about acquiring the most enticing news.Unlike in the past when the media would take the time to censor the news they released to the public, nowadays some tv channels air some uncensored images. This has greatly impacted negatively on the media authenticity. Some media houses are less concerned about the moral implications of suc h images to the general public. arrogant coverage of terrorism activities affects the public by inflicting fear amongst the public especially the uncensored images and dissipates zoomed by television channels and the meshing. The consistency with which such images are aired has also come to have a electric charge on the increased fear levels amongst the general public.Indeed most media houses flout media rules and are only concerned with getting the mission accomplished. The criminal justice has largely become incapable of reigning on the media. This can be explained by lack of nucleusive laws to deal with emerging challenges. One area where law enforcers are facing challenges when it comes to reigning on offenders who violate the media laws is the fact that, some of the sources of the media images and reports which turn out to have negative effect on the general public originate outside the US and those local media houses which air them bear no responsibility as they act as t hird parties and are in no way responsible for the contents of the reports (White, Jonathan, 2006).With globalization the world has become a small village whereby information is exchanged indoors a very short time. As a result, most of the information which reaches the American public, does not necessarily originate within America media. The truth of the matter is that, Americans have a choice to tune into any media channel they feel free to. This is not in any way regulated by the accede and as such, what the public consumes in terms of information cannot be filtered by state law enforcement agents (Nicholas, William, 2005).Taking the pillowcase of international media houses, which broadcast, to the whole world, they are in the first place not bound by the American laws nor can the American public be denied access to such. As a result, whatever information they broadcast concerning terrorism ends up being consumed by the American public. This is very hard to regulate. The adva ncement of the Internet has brought with it very complex challenges especially in terms of authenticity.It is very hard to know which source to trust. With the craving for news, the public tends to search for any site, whether incredible or not which purports to inform the public. There are many imitation websites which go to the lengths of capturing live some terrible terrorism activities such as beheading of those captured by terrorists. As a result, this has really formed a great avenue for fear amongst the general American public. In addition, there are not many programs or efforts designed to pre-empty the propaganda which some websites linked to terrorists desire to execute in the American public.The other major problem is the fact that, the laws governing the internet use are at best lax and are not effective to deal with those who decide to use the internet as a media of perpetrating fear amongst the general American public. Efforts of the government to curb the use of Int ernet as a propaganda tool led to the introduction of amendments to the privacy acts. As a result, the government has come under fierce criticism for infringing on the rights of people to access information. This shows how challenging the fight against the phenomenon has become.In addition the media has strong unions here in the US which means that, it is not easy for the criminal justice to intervene even in cases where it is evident that, the media is causing a great measure of suffering to the public through the broadcasting of information which is uncensored. The homeland security has a duty to intervene in the dilemma but only to the extent whereby the source of such negligence lies within its jurisdiction. Globalization and a culture of consumerism in the American ordination makes it impossible for the homeland security to impose any meaningful checks and balances to protect Americans from suffering from the fear that has gripped the general American public (Nakaya, Andea, 2 005). Indeed, the public cannot be practically protected from the effects of bad media practices today. It is up to the public to learn to choose what they can listen to or watch.Recommendation for solving the above problem include the impersonation of tough laws which would see only the most professional media houses get the licence to broadcast in the US. In addition the homeland security should engage in awareness campaigns meant to make the public to understand that, not every media source has credible and correct coverage on terrorism and that some media sources are in truth being used by terrorists for propaganda purposes and believing in them is giving credibility to the terrorists. In conclusion, there is a need for the criminal justice to work with the information department to reign on the media houses which if unchecked are likely to continue inflicting fear on the public and therefore affect public support on the war against terrorism.ReferenceNakaya, Andea, C. Ed (2005 ). Homeland Security. Detroit Greenhaven Press pp. 191.Nicholas, William C. ed. (2005). Homeland Security Law and policy. Springfield. Pp. 377.White, Jonathan. (2006). Terrorism and Homeland Security. Wadsworth (5th ed.). calcium Thomson.

Friday, May 17, 2019

I Know Why the Caged Birds Sing Essay

1. In the memoir the passage reveals Rities self image. She characterizes herself as unappealing she does not see beauty within who she is. Rities puerility led to her insecurities. When she was younger her parents took her to move with her grandparents. She believed her parents dishonored her. Ritie did not find her skin beautiful. She believed white was beauty. She was an uncomfortable in her own skin. She time-tested to be go someone she is not because she knew how everyone view and felt about her. Since her childhood she received her come to the foreance. Ritie kept her individualism intact by not letting peoples judging and views influence her.2. After years of separation Rities relationship with her mother is respected. She respects her mother for who she is. Ritie sees her mother as a strong women, she knows her mother give also love her for who she is. Ritie admires her mother she looks up to her. Her love for her grandmother is more of mother daughter bond. Rities rol e model is her grandmother and she is proud to say it. She sees her momma as a strong mesomorphic person. She is tough but loving. Rities wants to become like her grandmother, she loves her.3. Maya knew she was different. She knew she did not fit in with the other girls in school. She did not feel that she was equal with everyone else she felt as she did not belong with the other children. She did not touch with anyone. She would isolate herself in a store. She barely socialized with any children. She proceeded away from children her age even others. A comparison to race was when she was younger her tooth ached. The dentist was not willing to work with her. He was very racial and only worked with white patients. Rities family copes with racism by not letting it affect them. They ignored, they maintained their dignity.4. At the end of the memoir Ritie learns what might seem right to you will not always be viewed the analogous with others. For one to hare greatness they must go t hrough with(predicate) obstacles. She learns everyone has the own definition on what is wrong and right. Ritie applies this when she had her baby she grew up and it gave her confidence in her baby. She always did what was best for her baby.5. Why the Cage Bird sings shows that on that point is always a light at the end of a tunnel. When on that points darkness and disadvantages there is always hope to find your path. It shows they had to deal with negativity and racism but they took that and turned it into positive. The title relates they went through many struggles but in the end they can be free.6. Adversity in the story delt with abandonment, racism, childhood trapped, unacceptance, also religion. In Mayas case she and her brother were sent to live with their momma in Stamps, Arkansas. She always had it in her mind that her parents were not alive. When she found out they were she had the feeling of abandonment she felt that they did not want her. When Mayas daddy comes to get them she does not want to leave. She got use to Stamps. She overcomes her adversity by realizing her parents were going through a uncontrollable situation.7. Lessons can be learned about the South. Situations are never easy but you have to actualize the best of it. In flavor we are always going to struggle but we must stay strong and not let it get the best of us. There are always going to be people who judge you or dont accept you. But if you know who you are and where you come from thats all that matters. Another lesson is when should not try to be. Someone we are not we must appear ourselves because no one is perfect. We all have insecurities about ourselves but we should love who we are.Natasha De La CruzGrade 10Title Bless Me, UltimaAuthor Rudolph Anaya1. During the World War 2 actions occurred in this novel. In the novel a women lost her sons due to the war. Gabriel had both of her sons fighting in the war which was also significant hat occurred was a veteran shoot Chavez because he was affected by the war.2. The characters adapt to the landscape because of the familys different life livings. Antonio had to live two different life styles. His mothers families were simple farming people. It was easier for them to farm everything was more nourishing. His fathers family was rougher around the edges. They were more independent and the land was harder to work with. Both families had their own values.3. A movie that relates to this novel is Ruby Bridges. Both Ruby and Antonio go through struggles in their life to capture something out of them. The film is about a young six year old African American girl who had enough potential to get into a better school for a better pedagogics which was in an all Caucasian school. Around that time racism was still around. Ruby was the only African American girl in her class, which then led problems to the parents of the children in her class. No one accepted her in the new school except her teacher. Throughout the begi nning she had faced crowds of white citizens against her physically and emotionally. One mean solar day she was encouraged by her teacher and her mother who gave her strength and she made it through. She became significantly important in the cultured rights movement.

Thursday, May 16, 2019

The criminal justice system in England and Wales Essay

The criminal justice system of rules in England and Wales - Essay ExampleA comparative run into of both media mixed bags such as newspapers is conducted by means of a simple systematic move toward.This forward motion occupied taking sections of the articles inside the newspaper and analysing them on a variety of factors such as images, context, lexis, phrase structure and linguistics. We appreciate images to be any form of graphical in order, context as the major stratum and the standard ideas it represents, lexis as the actual language used, grammar as the agreement of the lexis and linguistics as verbal chat devices such as influential or informative approaches. Looking at these variables within an piece of theme will enable a contrast to be drawn as it is the resemblances and dissimilarities which help to identify the form which expresses the correct communication and that which expresses the conflicting (Davies, 1998).It is not, debatably, until this procedure has been ac cepted that it can be said an organisation has modify a strategic move toward to commerce with their troubles. We will now go on to effort to turn out how this procedure has, or has not, been d genius inside the background of anti-fraud movement inside the Public Sector.To finally move into at a phase anywhere an organisation can say, This is our policy takes a lot of fractious patience, soul penetrating and not to talk about analysis. On top of this is the readiness of an organisation to gestate the results of this procedure and have the strength to apply this enchantment policy. As mentioned above there is a colossal deal of mistake over the idea of a policy and once it has been shaped it then becomes a holy grail, a universal remedy for all troubles. This is not the container. This magic policy is ghostly in nature, ever altering in line with mounting trends and if it is not extravagances so it can be contradict prolific. It is in this light that we will seem at first the Subdivision for Work and Pensions (DWP) and its policy for contradicts fraud.thither have been two chief reports/studies in fresh years, which have wrought the D.W.P.s anti fraud policy. These be the Scampion Report, collected by John Scampion functioning in combination with Professor Michael Levi, Lecturer of Criminology at Cardiff University. (Scampion 2000) This tale mostly deals with organised deception and how it is attempts, but he also looks at the association flanked by the two arms of the analytical process inside DWP, these life form Counter-Fraud Investigation Division, now recognized as Programme Protection Partition and Counter-Fraud Investigation Service and anywhere they sit in family member to one another and counter- fraud activities. The other report was that produced by Lord Grabiner Q.C. that dealt in the major with the relaxed financial system (Grabiner 2000). originally both these papers had a profound result on the approaches and practices of together the d eception practioners on the earth and those tasked with created a fraud policy inside DWP. Here was an chance to build on the labor being done to get improved the professionalism of the investigators from side to side the P.I.N.S. programme. Grabiners account extolled the qualities of connected up presidency, no longer would administration agencies work in separation of every other. He recognised that though it is tremendously hard, if not possible, to

Wednesday, May 15, 2019

What is the most convincing ethical system Why Research Paper

What is the to the highest degree convert ethical system Why - Research Paper ExampleA person hind end select the option that is best for him or her. The best should be according to the person in hand, how he admits what he wants and desires and also what is important to him. When a person identifies what is best for him, and then comes the premise of the most persuade ethical system he should dwell in (Bishop, 2000). If we perceive capitalism to be the most convincing ethical system or the institute of ethics then we first have to define what capitalism is. It is hypothesis of the law. It is that theory of law that constitutes of description of property rights of an individual. This means to determine and avert the conflicts. Conflicts arouse when tender beings make irreconcilable decisions about some of the resources that are used in ways proposed most of the times. This surmise of Law relies on the acknowledgment that individual actions are establish on the decisions made by individuals and they are brought together by sense of righteousness (Kristol, 1978). Most of the resources are spent on the decisions that individuals make. The person who in the end decides fate or use of a resource possesses the resource in actuality. Future conflicts regarding conflicts can be prevented by determining who has the authority to make decisions about the resources and who can legally hold it. Capitalism is hence about recognizing the potentially disrupted resource an owner or proprietor can have. Its the only if way out to ward off the conflicts about future and determines who give get the resource in the end. To avoid the future conflicts about the resources and who will take what decision is about who is the lawful owner of resources. Therefore, capitalism is based upon recognizing owner and proprietor (Bishop, 2000). The ownership of resources is not subjective to anything in the realm of capitalism. Considering the ethical inferences of capitalism, it i s highly prudent to unbalance the model of theoretical capitalism from the history of human civilization with the idea of emphasizing the implication of champions promiscuousdom. This is the way that laissez-faire(prenominal) and free-market capitalism exist in market and also the perfective aspect model of human society which ceases a difficult task for native Romans and Greeks and also the medieval kings. But, capitalism reassumes democracy as its highlight. The most basic form of economy and government is capitalism in its antiauthoritarian form (Kristol, 1978). The possession of individual rights is the basic form of capitalism and everyone should have a free will in capitalism. It is known for giving autonomy to individuals on the basis of property rights, and freedom upon ones own mind, body, and the spirit. Therefore, the everlasting rule of capitalism is that natural resources should be used by human beings free of will. Human beings are free to practice their rights u ntil they dont intervene in others rights. The historical theory of Karl Marx materialism is to try to impose laissez-faire in medieval rulers which is not right jurisdiction of this presumption. If laissez-faire depends on development in history, how it is the best form of human civilization. These ideas dwindle in the mind of one as one pertains to think about comparison of contemporary capitalism from the pre-historic capitalism (Bishop, 2000). But, with powers comes responsibility. It is the ethical responsibility of an individual to have the freedom of recognizing the outcomes of such decisions. Therefore, all the creators receive what they make, regardless of the negatively or incontrovertibleness of such object. Considering this justification, destroyers are solely responsible for the things they

Tuesday, May 14, 2019

Healthcare Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Healthcare Policy - Essay Examplechanges in unity to providing an effective healthcare policy, and how it helps in the dimension of population health is included into the main body. The last element includes concluding response to this problem. The method is particularized examination of the literature together with the critical summarizing and personal inferences on the topic.Healthcare policy is considered to be a number of complexes concerning brotherly and political processes that are directed on providing medical exam care to the population of the country (Barr, 2011). All factors and forces that provide an influence on the implementation of medical treatment for people are included to the dimension of the term healthcare policy. That is an essential branch concerning social stability and health of population.The United States of America is regarded as a country with highly developed and quite an effective system of healthcare policy (Niles, 2014). The majority of populatio n in this country is up to(p) to call medical services in order to be successfully treated with the health insurance suggested by the governmental institutions rules (Niles, 2014). Healthcare policy and regulations in ground forces are functioned to construct rather effective and stentorian conditions in the dimension of medicine for American population.Moreover, the quality of treatment and medical care in ground forces stays in a high level. Preparation of medical specialists together with modern equipment represents the basis of medical care in this country (Barr, 2011). We may stay the idea about highly developed and altogether improved system of health care in the USA.The matter is that medical services in USA are provided by special insurance and this is what covers the cost of treatment for the population (Niles, 2014). People who are able to pay for the reliable insurance are pretended to be treated immediately and with the highest quality. People with grim social sta tus or with low income they are deprived from an appropriate free