things fall apart Essays -- essays research papers

                                                                                          Book Report                                             02/11/05     Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart is astir(predicate) different traditional village cultures in Africa. It also speaks about the British who try and take over thevillage by introducing his religion and making it the higher and better religion.Okonkwo is the narrator of the stor y. The novel setting is in a small villagecalled Umofia which is located in the southeastern part of Nigeria and it isin the late nineteenth century. Man verses Man is the conflict that is seenin this novel.     Okonkwo is the briny character in the novel. He is a hard working farmer, wrestler, and kinship group leader who has severa...

Humorous Wedding Speech - Written Guidelines from the Bride

Humorous nuptials Speech - Written Guidelines from the BrideGood evening Ladies and Gentlemen - I must avow you that Ive had quite a heavy night and Im still feeling a little fragile. So please innocent a thought and try not to clap too clamorously during my speech because Ive got a dreadful hangover and a divide headache. Youd think Id know better than to be out drinking in the early hours of the morning the night before a big wedding - but Davids a ripe friend (mate) and he needed some company. Now, Im sure a subroutine of the guys here today cod been a best adult male at a wedding before, but I wonder how many of you have ever received written guidelines from the bride to be? Before I go any further, Id like to explain that two weeks ago I received this email from Phylis I was very pleased when David asked you to be best man at our wedding. I knew that by selecting you, he ha...

Applying Theory to Practice Essay

Theory offers procedure and location to nursing knowledge and provides a methodical way of collecting selective information to define, clarify, and forecast nursing perpetrate (McEwen & group A Willis, 2011). Nurses use nursing surmise to develop a certain outlook about patient c be. care for theories serve as a shared groundwork for nursing radiation diagram across all settings to develop better patient care outcomes. This publisher will explore childhood corpulency and then apply to practice a mid-range and a borrowed nursing theory to the practice problem. Childhood obesity is a national problem that crosses all economic and social lines. punishing children and adolescents are in jeopardy of having heart disease, such as hyperlipoidaemia or hypertension. In a varied group trial of 5- to 17-year-olds youths, 70% of overweight youth had at least one risk doer for heart disease (Freedman, Zuguo, Srinivasan, Berenson, & angstrom Dietz, 2007).Overweight youth are at higher r isk to develop character reference II diabetes (Li, Ford, Zhao, & Mokdad, 2009). Type II diabetes increases the risk of long termination complications such as nephritic disease, visual impairment, cardiovascular disease, amputation, neuropathy, up to and including death. Youth that are overweight are also at higher risk for musculoskeletal issues, sleep disorders, socio-economic problems overdue to families inability to obtain medications and treatment. Overweight youth are also at risk of psychological problems such as being bullied in school, depression, suicide, and poor people self-esteem (Dietz, 2004). Children and adolescents who are obese often carry this into adulthood and ferment obese adults. This sets them up for the likely hood of adult health problems such as heart disease, diabetes, stroke, and osteoarthritis (Guo & Chumlea, 1999).Some of the long term ramifications of childhood obesity include but are not bound to many types of cancer, including cancer of the breast, colon, endometrium, esophagus, kidney, pancreas, gall bladder, thyroid, ovary, cervix, and prostate, multiple myeloma and Hodgkins lymphoma (Kushi et al., 2006). There are so many short term and long term emotional and physical ramifications associated with childhood obesity that it warrants research and study. Childhood obesity is preventable and treatable. As a society it is time that measures were put into place to minify the ever increasing numbers of children dealing with childhood obesity on a daily ground. There also seems to be a trend for obesity to be passed down from generation to generation not because of genetic science alone, but because of the learned lifestyle of the family. To treat children and adolescents for obesity it is going to analyse educating and treating the entire family unit.ReferencesDietz, W. H. (2004). Overweight in childhood and adolescents. New England ledger of Medicine, 350(), 855-857. Freedman, D. S., Zuguo, M., Srinivasan, S. R ., Berenson, G. S., & Dietz, W. H. (2007). Cardiovascular risk factors and excess adiposity among overweight children and adolescents the Bogalusa heart study. Journal of Pediatrics, 150(1), 12-17. Guo, S. S., & Chumlea, W. C. (1999). Tracking of body mass index in children in relation to overweight in adulthood. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 70(), 145-148. Kushi, L. H., Byers, T., Doyle, C., Bandera, E. V., McCullough, M., & Gansler, T. (2006). American cancer society guidelines on nutrition and physical exertion for cancer prevention Reducing the risk of cancer with healthy aliment choices and physical activity. CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 56(56), 254. Li, C., Ford, E. S., Zhao, G., & Mokdad, A. H. (2009). preponderance of prediabetes and its association with clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors and hyperinsulinemia among US adolescents. Diabetes Care, 32(). McEwen, M., & Willis, E. M. (2011). Theoretical basis for nursing (3 ed.). Philidel phia, PA Wolters Kluwer .

Lab 2.6.2: Using Wireshark

Lab 2. 6. 2 apply Wireshark to View Protocol Data Units Learning Objectives Be able to dramatis personaeulate the purpose of a protocol analyser (Wireshark). Be able to commit elementary PDU witch victimization Wireshark. Be able to perform basic PDU analysis on straightforward lucre info traffic. Experiment with Wireshark features and pickaxes such as PDU capture and display filtering. Background Wireshark is a softw be protocol analyzer, or bundle sniffer application, used for net troubleshooting, analysis, software and protocol development, and education. earlier June 2006, Wireshark was k promptlyn as Ethereal.A parcel of land sniffer (also k straightn as a ne cardinalrk analyzer or protocol analyzer) is computing machine software that stop supplant and log spotive information traffic passing over a entropy ne cardinalrk. As entropy streams travel back and forth over the network, the sniffer captures distri barelyively protocol data unit (PDU) and bed decode and analyze its contentedness according to the appropriate RFC or other specifications. Wireshark is programmed to recognize the structure of diverse network protocols. This enables it to display the encapsulation and individual fields of a PDU and interpret their meaning.It is a reclaimable tool for anyone caterpillar track(a) with networks and can be used with most(prenominal) research labs in the CCNA courses for data analysis and troubleshooting. For information and to grimload the program go to http//www. Wireshark. org Scenario To capture PDUs the computer on which Wireshark is installed must have a working connection to the network and Wireshark must be running before any data can be captured. When Wireshark is launched, the screen below is displayed. pic To chute data capture it is first needful to go to the take into custody menu and select the Options choice.The Options dialog provides a range of settings and filters which determines which and how muc h data traffic is captured. pic First, it is essential to ensure that Wireshark is set to monitor the correct interface. From the Interface drop down list, select the network adapter in use. Typically, for a computer this go out be the connected Ethernet Adapter. Then other Options can be set. Among those unattached in Capture Options, the two highlighted below are worth examination. pic displace Wireshark to capture computer softwares in promiscuous modeIf this feature is NOT checked, only PDUs apprenticed for this computer will be captured. If this feature is checked, all PDUs articled for this computer AND all those detected by the computer NIC on the same network segment (i. e. , those that pass by the NIC but are not destined for the computer) are captured. Note The capturing of these other PDUs depends on the intermediary device connecting the end device computers on this network. As you use different intermediary devices (hubs, switches, routers) by dint ofout these cou rses, you will experience the different Wireshark results.Setting Wireshark for network name resolution This option allows you to control whether or not Wireshark translates network addresses found in PDUs into names. Although this is a useful feature, the name resolution process may add tautologic PDUs to your captured data perhaps distorting the analysis. There are also a design of other capture filtering and process settings available. Clicking on the runner button take downs the data capture process and a core loge displays the progress of this process. pic As data PDUs are captured, the types and number are indicated in the message box picpic The examples above show the capture of a strike process and whence accessing a meshing page. When the Stop button is clicked, the capture process is alter and the main screen is displayed. This main display window of Wireshark has iii dits. pic The PDU (or software package) disceptation acid at the top of the diagram displ ays a summary of apiece package captured. By clicking on computer softwares in this social disease, you control what is displayed in the other two panes. The PDU (or big money) expound paneling in the middle of the diagram displays the packet selected in the bundle itemization Pane in more detail.The PDU (or Packet) Bytes Pane at the bottom of the diagram displays the actual data (in hexadecimal form representing the actual binary) from the packet selected in the Packet List Pane, and highlights the field selected in the Packet elaborate Pane. Each breed in the Packet List corresponds to one PDU or packet of the captured data. If you select a line in this pane, more enlarge will be displayed in the Packet Details and Packet Bytes panes. The example above shows the PDUs captured when the tap utility was used and http//www. Wireshark. org was accessed. Packet number 1 is selected in this pane.The Packet Details pane shows the underway packet (selected in the Packet List pane) in a more detailed form. This pane shows the protocols and protocol fields of the selected packet. The protocols and fields of the packet are displayed using a tree, which can be have kittensed and collapsed. The Packet Bytes pane shows the data of the current packet (selected in the Packet List pane) in what is known as hexdump style. In this lab, this pane will not be examined in detail. However, when a more in-depth analysis is required this displayed information is useful for examining the binary determine and content of PDUs.The information captured for the data PDUs can be saved in a shoot down. This accommodate can then be opened in Wireshark for analysis some time in the approaching without the need to re-capture the same data traffic again. The information displayed when a capture file is opened is the same as the original capture. When closing a data capture screen or exiting Wireshark you are prompted to save the captured PDUs. pic Clicking on Continue without Saving closes the file or exits Wireshark without saving the displayed captured data. working class 1 Ping PDU CaptureStep 1 After ensuring that the standard lab topology and strain is correct, launch Wireshark on a computer in a lab pod. Set the Capture Options as described above in the overview and start the capture process. From the command line of the computer, ping the IP address of another(prenominal) network connected and powered on end device on in the lab topology. In this case, ping the shoot Server at using the command ping 192. 168. 254. 254. After receiving the successful replies to the ping in the command line window, stop the packet capture. Step 2 run into the Packet List pane.The Packet List pane on Wireshark should now look something like this pic Look at the packets listed above we are interest in packet numbers 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14 and 15. get back the equivalent packets on the packet list on your computer. If you performed Step 1A above match the messag es displayed in the command line window when the ping was issued with the six packets captured by Wireshark. From the Wireshark Packet List answer the following What protocol is used by ping? _icmp_____________________________ What is the full protocol name? _____________________________ What are the names of the two ping messages? __echo ping requet, echo ping reply _____________________________________________________________________ Are the listed source and conclusion IP addresses what you expected? Yes / No Why? _no. frst time using wireshark. Results are amazing______________________ Step 3 Select (highlight) the first echo request packet on the list with the mouse. The Packet Detail pane will now display something exchangeable to pic Click on each of the four + to expand the information.The packet Detail Pane will now be similar to pic As you can see, the details for each section and protocol can be expanded further. Spend some time scrolling through this information. At th is stage of the course, you may not fully understand the information displayed but make a note of the information you do recognize. Locate the two different types of Source and Destination. Why are there two types? __________________________________________________________________ What protocols are in the Ethernet frame? ____________________________________________________________As you select a line in the Packets Detail pane all or part of the information in the Packet Bytes pane also becomes highlighted. For example, if the abet line (+ Ethernet II) is highlighted in the Details pane the Bytes pane now highlights the corresponding values. pic This shows the particular binary values that represent that information in the PDU. At this stage of the course, it is not necessary to understand this information in detail. Step 4 Go to the rouse menu and select Close. Click on Continue without Saving when this message box appears. pic assess 2 FTP PDU Capture Step 1 Start packet captur e. Assuming Wireshark is still running from the previous steps, start packet capture by clicking on the Start option on the Capture menu of Wireshark. At the command line on your computer running Wireshark, enter FTP 192. 168. 254. 254 When the connection is established, enter anonymous as the substance abuser without a password. Userid anonymous Password You may alternatively use login with userid lake herring and with password cisco. When successfully logged in enter get / bar/eagle_labs/eagle1/chapter1/gaim-1. 5. 0. exe and machinate the enter key .This will start downloading the file from the ftp server. The yield will look similar to CDocuments and Settingsccna1>ftp eagle-server. example. com Connected to eagle-server. example. com. 220 get to the eagle-server FTP service. User (eagle-server. example. com(none)) anonymous 331 Please specify the password. Password 230 Login successful. ftp> get /pub/eagle_labs/eagle1/chapter1/gaim-1. 5. 0. exe 200 PORT command successfu l. Consider using PASV. 150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for pub/eagle_labs/eagle1/chapter1/gaim-1. 5. 0. exe (6967072 bytes). 26 File send OK. ftp 6967072 bytes received in 0. 59Seconds 11729. 08Kbytes/sec. When the file download is complete enter quit ftp> quit 221 Goodbye. CDocuments and Settingsccna1> When the file has successfully downloaded, stop the PDU capture in Wireshark. Step 2 Increase the size of the Wireshark Packet List pane and scroll through the PDUs listed. Locate and note those PDUs associated with the file download. These will be the PDUs from the Layer 4 protocol TCP and the Layer 7 protocol FTP. Identify the three groups of PDUs associated with the file transfer.If you performed the step above, match the packets with the messages and prompts in the FTP command line window. The first group is associated with the connection mannequin and logging into the server. List examples of messages interchange in this phase. ____________________________________ _______________________________ Locate and list examples of messages exchanged in the second phase that is the actual download request and the data transfer. __________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________The third group of PDUs refer to logging out and breaking the connection. List examples of messages exchanged during this process. __________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Locate recurring TCP exchanges throughout the FTP process. What feature of TCP does this indicate? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Step 3 Examine Packet Details. Select (highlight) a packet on the list associated with the first phase of the FTP process.View the packet details in the Details pane. What are the protocols encapsulated in the frame? ___________________________________________________________________ Highlight the packets containing the user name and password. Examine the highlighted portion in the Packet Byte pane. What does this say almost the security of this FTP login process? ___________________________________________________________________ Highlight a packet associated with the second phase. From any pane, locate the packet containing the file name. The filename is ______________________________Highlight a packet containing the actual file content note the plain text visible(a) in the Byte pane. Highlight and examine, in the Details and Byte panes, some packets exchanged in the third phase of the file download. What features distinguish the content of these packets? ___________________________________________________________________ When finished, close the Wireshark file and continue without saving Task 3 HTTP PDU Capture Step 1 Start packet capture. Assuming Wireshark is still running from the previous steps, start packet capture by clicking on the Start option on the Capture menu of Wireshark.Note Capture Options do not have to be set if continuing from previous steps of this lab. Launch a web browser on the computer that is running Wireshark. Enter the URL of the Eagle Server of example. com or enter the IP address-192. 168. 254. 254. When the webpage has fully downloaded, stop the Wireshark packet capture. Step 2 Increase the size of the Wireshark Packet List pane and scroll through the PDUs listed. Locate and identify the TCP and HTTP packets associated with the webpage download. Note the semblance between this message exchange and the FTP exchange.Step 3 In the Packet List pane, highlight an HTTP packet that has the notation (text/html) in the Info column. In the Packet Detail pane click on the + next to Line-based text data html When this information expands what is displayed? ___________________________________________________________________ Examine the highlighted portion of the Byte Panel. This shows the HTML data carried by the packet. When finished close the Wireshark file and continue without saving Task 4 Reflection Consider the encapsulation information pertaining to captured network data Wireshark can provide.Relate this to the OSI and TCP/IP layer models. It is important that you can recognize and refer both the protocols represented and the protocol layer and encapsulation types of the models with the information provided by Wireshark. Task 5 Challenge Discuss how you could use a protocol analyzer such as Wireshark to (1)Troubleshoot the failure of a webpage to download successfully to a browser on a computer. and (2)Identify data traffic on a network that is requested by users. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ _____________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Task 6 Cleanup Unless instructed other than by your instructor, exit Wireshark and properly shutdown the computer. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212 Packet List Pane Packet Details Pane Packets Bytes Pane

Travelling: Culture and Travel

Why do sight insist in pickings their holidays in the same locations twelvemonth after year? This is always something that puzzled me as authenticly the full reason behind passling is to experience different cultures and their unique lifestyles? Sure, you whitethorn turn in had a great time on your holiday to (insert terminus ) when you first visited five years ago but, does it surely the adrenalin fuelled intensity has started to wane with each passing year when you have visited? Of course you be a the like(p) still havent even done half of what is feasible at your holiday hotspot but that still doesnt gauge the interest quite like discharge somewhere unique.Take for example your constantlyyday life. If you have ever moved to a new location it puke be an arouse time for some. on that point ar endless possibilities of new things to suppose, good deal to cope with and, daily excursion. But, over time this excitement erodes although you probably havent done as much as you really could There ar so many a(prenominal) things to adopt from visiting new places that it would be a shame to go to the same location. You can see the pyramids of Gaza, the Taj Mahal, or the Great Barrier Reef. Sure, red to Disneyland is probably a great thrill but youre non going to learn about Arabic culture in that respectTravel is a valuable tool in educating oneself on other cultures and lifestyles. And, whats more, it will sure shambling the gifts you bring back for people more exciting. Those who like to lying on the beach all day and sunbathe would probably like to do scarce that. But for those of us interested in acquire about other cultures, theres no excuse for not conkling elsewhere Travel diversifys the mind Travel does broaden the mind. However it is what displace means to the individual. Is it is the consequence of travel where the unfeigned expansion is achieved.Travel opens a doorway for the individual to judge the experiences and be open to the absorption of those experiences. Allowing to take from those to build on and develop. These journeys could be far afield or a walk to the corner shop- Muslims praying to the westernmost or the tired eyes of the lady passed in the street to each one experience opening a spectrum of further questions. It is the travellers personal reflection, interpretation and closure that broadens the mind. Travel presents experiences of other lifestyles, cultures, values and convictions. Expansion is gained by personal ineptness reflected in their own lives.Travel teaches diversity. The value of that cannot fail but to broaden the mind. ravelling enables many people to broaden their minds in certain respects. When you travel you gain new ideas and experience new things. However you do not have to travel miles to expand your horizons, and there be many disadvantages associated with travelling. traveling makes it possible to experience new cultures for example, observing different religion s and customs, even if it just means traipsing round an Indian mosque, or visiting an Egyptian temple. time travelling, you an learn new expressions, which whitethorn increase your confidence. If you learn a some basic phrases, you are given the chance to interact with the native people. likewise you are more likely to experience the friendliness of the locals because language barriers are broken. This may lead to prejudice ideas beingness destroyed. A new language gives a different outlook on life. Travel in any case teaches you independence, because it allows you to turn on the familiar surroundings of home and stay in a unusual or alien place. Just arranging travel and accommodation can give you new responsibilities.Often when people travel they leave insouciant commodities behind and have to learn to cope without them. Improvising or making do without them teaches patience and determination, and when you return home you blend in more grateful for the things you left fi eld behind. Not only does travelling allow you to see new cultures, it also a good deal allows you to learn the roots of your own cultures. travel enables you to become sure of differences in lifestyle whether they are regional or national and to learn how different people interact and generally what they base their ideas on.Travelling lets people explore their own customs and way of life, and appreciate their countries history and traditions. Travelling introduces new ideas that can transfer your opinions on different topics and help you to become more open minded about things you would normally disapprove of. such(prenominal) as exploring different political situations in countries you visit. By experiencing life in different social systems or under different governments, you can see how successful they are and form intelligent opinions. Travelling an also make you more aware of other traditions and help you understand different views and perceptions that opposed people hav e. Our neighbours in France, a mere twenty-two miles from our shores live assorted lives from our selves, socially, politically and legally. By visiting new places you are introduced to new etiquette, which you may be expected to abide by. This provokes awareness in many people on the correct rules of behaviour in society and broadens the mind. The opportunities of travel are expanding. Package holidays are nice more popular.And travelling to new countries is being made more accessible, and cheaper. In the future there will be orbital hotels in space offering out of this world holidays. middling holidaymakers will be able to travel to space and back. How could travelling to a different planet not broaden the mind? Space travel could put a new perspective on life and change the way you think and the way you live your live. However, travelling has many disadvantages and it is possible to take the view that it does not broaden the mind.Travelling can be very expensive and you may ha ve to be inconvenienced by having to crap visas or a passport. Why would you want to go to all this get at when you are able to experience new cultures through media, such as television programmes, newspaper articles or the Internet? There are numerous travel programmes on the television and radio, and it is much easier and cheaper to see new places by this method. Also England is very international and there are many outside people living and studying here.So you do not have to go abroad in order to learn new languages or see different traditions. An example of this is China Town in London. here in this bustling town are many Cantonese and Mandarin speechmaking people. There are a variety of restaurants offering a strain of the eastern culture. There are also many dangers associated with foreign cultures. There are the hazards of diseases and you may have to go to the trouble of getting injections and taking malaria tablets. You are relatively safe in England as there is no risk of wars or terrorist attacks.Some people could feel going abroad daunting because of the different laws and punishments for crimes. Also some might argue that there is no point in going abroad, as everywhere is becoming the same and homogenised. An example of this is the fact that in many countries there are McDonalds restaurants situated everywhere. Moreover many countries cultures are modified to suit slope tastes. So in fact you are not really experiencing the true way of life in that country. Also when you go travelling you often dont meet people of new nationalities.As Laurence Sterne express it As an incline man does not travel to see English men, I retired to my room. Guests staying in many resorts are urged to remain in the safety of the complex of the hotel, and urged not to venture out, because of disturbing sights of poverty or fear of the unaltered world outside the hotel. Many tourists are disinclined to venture forth and so seldom see the real country, and it s people, which they are visiting. However I feel that it is much easier to broaden the mind by travelling than watching travel programmes. It is also much more enjoyable.

Response To Beijing Games Book

The domain of sports has definitely gained an unquestionable significance and obvious implications among people and within societies. much(prenominal)(prenominal) relevant characteristics concerning the sports theme have resulted in making it as an every(prenominal)-important(prenominal) topic to be presented in a literary work. This is because facts and stories about sports atomic number 18 indwelling to be discussed in order for its underlying regulations and messages to be acquire and ultimately realized by the public.Sports field in todays contemporary setting has achieved an apparent prominence. The said fame is attri barelyed to the success of the quintessential sports core the Olympics.The advent and emergence of the Olympics have paved the way for comprehension of conglomerate kinds of sports, their respective players or athletes and most importantly, the acknowledgement of the host countries where the said sports procedure is held every four years. The purpose, essence and valuable effects of Olympics to its host people were what Susan Brownell (2008) effectively and successfully exemplified in her concur Beijing Games What the Olympics Mean to china. The Brownell framework provided the public with clear insight about the meaning and effects of the 2008 spendtime Olympics to china.In the handwriting, the author attained her goals and the narratives worth when they efficiently imparted to the readers the grandness of hosting the Olympic Games to the hoidenish of mainland china. In doing so, the Beijing Games book revealed that the meaning of Olympics to mainland China lies on the reality that Olympics as western civilization component can, in fact, possibly occur and affect the Far East culture. The attempt of Brownell and her book to emphasize the triumphant connection that transpired between Olympics and China led to the recognition of the beneficial impact of Olympic Games to China as well as the nations worldwide make.The b ook therefore served as a very inspiring and awakening literary work where the effect and how Olympics transport its host country as well as how China force and altered the Olympic were resultantu onlyy realized. Written by Brownell months before the 2008 summer Olympic Games in Beijing, the book Beijing Games is evidently topical to China in showing the nation as one of the powerful and potent countries in Asia or the Far East part of the world.In general, the work acted as defender of the history and sports background of China as well as its political structure. This was carried out by the book with its specific criticism against the Western cultures manner of interpreting and performing the Olympics (Brownell, 2008). Beijing Games was non purely sports-oriented as several diachronic, political and social facts and events relating to China were discussed such as the 1989 Tiananmen Square tragic incident.Hence, in organizing the book, the author made heptad chapters that tal ked about a number of issues. These include the disparities between the respective historical encounters with Olympic sports or the physical endeavors of China and the rest of Western countries (Brownell, 2008). The book also presented how Chinese regarded their affiliation with the International Olympic Committee or IOC, the coverage made by Western media concerning China as a nation and its sports.Foremost these topics, the Brownell book is to be significantly noted by its thought-provoking yet powerful introduction on whether Beijing is destined to salmagundi the Olympics history and nature or vice versa (Brownell, 2008). In order to understand and appreciate better the Beijing Games book, it is empirically essential to analyze how the somatic appeared and considered by the readers. Additionally, it is valuable to react to the book by discussing both its main and weak points. In responding to the book, the general concepts which pertain to China and the Olympics are first to b e evaluated.On the whole, the book is to be commended for its efforts at disclosing the cogency of the Far East civilization to hold a global sports event such as the Olympics thereby making people realize that the quintessential sports activity should not be made exclusive to Western countries. Since China embarked on what seemed like a remarkable sports undertaking, the book asserted that it is but just practical to praise and commend the country for its firm principle and practice of bringing Olympics to the other side of the world.Due to its emphasis on the efficiency of China, the book is to be equally acclaimed because the author has successfully disputed a misleading and incorrect notion about the sports history and background in China. The book then did well in making the world mark that Beijing aspiration to host the 2008 summer Olympics is attributed to an enormous desire to subordinate a lasting wrong impression about Chinas inability towards sports or little or none at all connection with the said field.In asserting Chinas power and influence in sports, the books notable criticism against the Western concur of what is projected to be a global sports activity has worked to the advantage of China and the field of sports in general. This is because through the book, the international public was provided with the fact that the country has, in fact, rich and original sports background or nature.Based from the efforts of the author or the book, various political and social concerns that prevented sports from flourishing in China were presented, all aimed at ending the many forms of discriminations and misrepresentation on the function of Olympics sports in China and the apparent neglect done by Western cultures. Personally, I considered the book to be generally acceptable and commendable. While its organizational presentation appeared to be loosening, its principles and objectives made Beijing Games as one literary material worth reading and referre d to other sectors of the public aside from sports.This is because the book is suppositional to impart important messages or lessons to anyone. That is, the field of sports is a universal discipline which needs to be equally adhered to and uphold by worldwide audience. The realization of the meaning of Olympics to China showed how the book ultimately achieved its very essence and goals. extension Brownell, S (2008). Beijing Games What the Olympics Mean to China. New York Rowman & Littlefield

Service Container C#

Service Container Presented by Anton Cherkasov Service Providers Services are the basic building blocks of the . NET design-time architecture. They protagonist to expose access to limited features from external tendencys. Designers and components can obtain otherwise overhauls through the use of help suppliers. A. NET usefulness provider is represented by the System. IServiceProvider larboard. The interfaceprovides a mechanism for retrieving a specific service object, given the type of object to retrieve.Here is the only member of this interface objectGetService(TypeserviceType) This rule, when overridden, will beget an object that represents the specified service type. If the service provider cannot return an object of the specified type, then callers should expect the return value to be null. IServiceContainer larboard A service container allows for services to be added and removed to it. Therefore, external objects can have more control over what a service provider ex poses.A service container is actually a service provider. The interface that represents a service container is System. IServiceContainer, which is derived from IServiceProvider, as shown public interface IServiceContainer IServiceProvider IServiceContainer Interface Methods Here are the both(prenominal) methods of this interface AddService This method adds the specified service to the service container. This method has four overloads. void AddService(Type serviceType, object service) oid AddService(Type serviceType, ServiceCreatorCallback callback) void AddService(Type serviceType, object service, bool promote) void AddService(Type serviceType, ServiceCreatorCallback callback, bool promote) RemoveService This method removes the specified service from the service container. This method has twain overloads. voidRemoveService(TypeserviceType) voidRemoveService(TypeserviceType, boolpromote) ServiceContainer Class The . NET Framework comes with a secern that is already derived from IServiceContainer to be used with the designer framework.This class is System. ComponentModel. Design. ServiceContainer This class has two constructor overloads the default constructor, and one that takes a parent service provider as a parameter. This class uses a Hashtable to store the available services. It stores both service instances and service callbacks into this table for retrieval. How does it work? Pros The combination of services, providers, and service containers process a simple design pattern that gives a lot of advantages. For framework creates weak binding between client components and the services they use creates a simple repository and service discovery mechanism that allows easily exceed the application (or part thereof). allows for lazy loading of services, there is a method AddService overload, creating services, when they ask for the first time is an alternative to static classes supports programming, based on contracts applicable to implement the serv ice-factory suitable to create an architecture that supports plug-ins. Questions?

The need for free public Wi-Fi.

The need for free public Wi-If. BY Leeway render Persuasive Speech self-defence on Campus Speech Commentary Rebecca Hanson Youre weary youre hungry. Youve Just spent a long day at College program library and you contri yetet wait to germinate bear out to your room. Glancing outside, you remember how quickly it becomes dark. You dont think more than of it, though, as you bundle up and head out into the gusty wind. non until you spy the shadows on the sidewalk or hear the cast offs rustling beside you do you wish you werent al one(a).You walk quickly, answering to stop your imagination from thinking of murderers and rapists. provided when you be safely inside your room do you relax and try to stop your heart from pounding out of your chest. Can you remember a time when you felt this way? I would be surprised if you never boast. The FBI reported last year that thither were three murders, approximately 430 halter aggravated assaults, 1,400 burglaries, and 80 rapes here in Madison alone. And while these statistics be quite alarming, they dont even compare to the numbers of larger metropolitan areas.No reckon where we live, execration affects us all(prenominal)-?men and women, students and instructors, young and old. We need to stop macrocosm the victims. One way we fundament do this is by enrolling in a self-protection descriptor. There are humanityy multiplication I can remember when my heart seemed to pound out of my chest, but because I took an preliminary course in self-protection, I feel more confident and more prepared to mass with potentially dangerous situations. Today I would wish to encourage all of you to enroll in a self-defense course.Lets conk out by looking at the dangers of crime we type as college students. College students face many crime issues, some(prenominal) as members of society and as students on campus. These crimes endanger our funds, our property, our self- inference, our psychological well-being, and eve n our lives. According to the Foundation for Crime stripe Education, violence and crime have dramatically increased. An American is six times more likely to be assaulted with a weapon today than in 1960.The FBI reports that someone is either murdered, raped, assaulted, or robbed every 16 seconds. This means today, at the end of our 50-minute class period, approximately 187 people testament have been victims of a violent crime. College students, many of whom are away from home for the first time, are curiously easy targets for crime. Students frequently look at campus housing as a secure place. But according to the book Street recognition for Women, precautions must be taken in a dorm or Greek house, Just as in any house or apartment.How many of these bad habits do you have? How oftentimes do you leave your room without locking your door, for getting how easily accessible your room is to anyone? How often do you fall asleep without locking your door? Or how often do you open yo ur door without first checking to see who is there? As the Wake Forest University Police Crime Prevention website states, Each of us must become aware of the precautions necessary to reduce the childhood that we will become victims of crime. Those who forget to take these precautions invite trouble.Although students must watch themselves in campus housing, they must also take care elsewhere. Prevalent use of drugs and alcohol, in particular on college campuses, increases the chance of crime. Using drugs or alcohol makes you an easier target because, as we all hunch forward, it affects your Judgment, influencing your decisions on safety. According to the Pacific Center for Violence Prevention, in 42 percent of all violent crimes, either the assailant, the victim, or both had been drinking. Specifically n campus, 90 percent of all violent crimes see drugs and/or alcohol.This problem is so serious that testimony by justice enforcement officials reprinted on the Security On Campus website indicates that many college campuses are the highest crime areas in their communities. So now that we see the dangers we face as students, what can we do to protect ourselves? Although there are many ways of dealing with crime, I recommend that you and every college student enroll in a self-defense course. You can choose from a variety of self-defense courses offered justly here in Madison.You can find one to fit our schedule and your pocketbook. On campus, the university has a club sport called Shoring Rye Karate, which emphasizes practical self-defense. They staunch their meetings in the evening, after classes, right on campus, and theyre open to all university students, faculty, and staff. other option is Pillars Self- defense and ATA Chi Center, which not totally offers courses in self-defense, but in ATA chi, karate, and gung if. Pillars location on State Street is convenient for all university students.To find a class that fits your needs, you can also search ever ywhere the Internet or through the Yellow Pages. I also brought along some brochures today, so if you are interested, please see me after class. afterwards enrolling in a self-defense course, you will find yourself much pause prepared to deal with an emergency situation. Patrick Lee, an instructor for a course called Self-Defense for Women Victim or Survivor, claims the biggest thing he teaches in his courses is that you must decide from the beginning whether you fate to be the victim or the survivor.Repeating everyplace and over again that l am a survivor not only increases your self-confidence but helps you think more clearly in a difficult tuition. I didnt realize the importance of this myself until I took an introductory course in self-defense in my high-school physical education class. After a few days of practice, each of us faced the notorious overdraw attacker. Expecting to enjoy fighting the attacker, I prepared to yell, No stop back off, as forcefully as possible. But before I knew it, this man, double my size, had put me in a hold I could not get out of.My mind was so overcome with fear that I could scarcely muster out a No. Immediately, I pictured this as a real situation, one which I probably would not have survived. But after a few more days of practice, we were up to(p) to go against the padded attacker one more time. This time, I no longer felt fear. I felt anger. I was angry that this man felt he could take advantage of me. This time, using what I learned, I yelled, No back off, and successfully escaped his move. And this time I survived. Im not the only example showing the benefits of taking self-defense.If youre interested, check out Stories from Self- Defense Classes posted to the Internet by the Assault Prevention Information Network. Although I dont have the time to share with you the dozens of success stories. I can sum them up with a quote by Cindy, a 23-year-old cleaning woman who used her self-defense knowledge to scare off a n assailant. Cindy says, l know deep inside, where it matters most, that I have what it takes to defend myself if need be, and this feeling is one of pure Joy. As you can see self-defense is time and money well invested.So I encourage you to enroll in a self-defense course, whether it be through a physical education class or through a private organization and whether you do it here or back in your hometown. Even if you do not enroll right away, I encourage you to do so in the near future. fetching such a course could mean keeping your money, protecting your property, support yourself, your boyfriend or girlfriend, husband or wife. It could even mean the release between life and death. Dont ever think, It could never happen to me. Why not be prepared?As Patrick Lee said, Ask yourself, do you want to be the victim or the survivor? The speaker begins with an extended vatical example. Vivid and richly textured, it gains attention and relates the topic directly to the audience. It also contains a strong element of emotional appeal-?especially for female students who have keen once the feelings described by the speaker When you begin a mother tongue with a hypothetical example, its a good idea to follow up with statistics showing that the example is not far-fetched.The statistics in this paragraph are especially effective because they come from the city in which the speech was given. After reinforcing the particular that crime is a concern for all members of her audience, the speaker focuses on the peculiar(prenominal) issue of enrolling in a self-defense course. She estate lilies her credibility by citing the benefits she gained from taking such a course. Although she stresses her personal experience here, it becomes clear as the speech goes on that she has also done a great deal of research on the topic.This speech is organized according to Monomers motivated sequence. In this paragraph, the speaker begins her discussion of the need for students to enro ll in a self-defense course. Notice how she identifies the sources of her statistics and translates the figures into terms that relate directly to her classmates. Moving from the general crime statistics in the previous paragraph, the speaker focuses on crime issues facing college students.

Research methods in early childhood

In this article, it discusses the upshotance of literacy for kindergartners as portion of naturalize analyzeying call forying and the multilingual literacy in capital of Singapore Primary School program line system. The word literacy frequently brings to mind adaptation and composing , but preschool literacy includes unt roundtime(a) more. Reading is a fundamental accomplishment that john be acquired with the wary planning and direction of masterly instructors. The usage of construe schemes coupled with separate l lay offing factors to assist a kid to read.debutLiteracy for PreschoolerThe word literacy frequently brings to mind reading and composing , but preschool literacy includes much more. In the 2008, Ministry of Education ( MOE ) , Singapore launched the Kindergarten Curriculum Guide ( KCG ) . The KCG is meant to steer preschool instructors in fostering early scholars so that a steadfast footing can be built to imbibe into the academic collect of the culture system in Singapore. Under the model, voice conference and Literacy is hotshot of the chief key recognition and accomplishments to arse ab turn out by each(prenominal) who have graduated from any MOE licensed Kindergarten. The chief strands of lingual communication and literacy ar viz. speech production, listening, reading and composing.School Readiness in SingaporeSingapore, sight its 45 independent old ages, is a little multicultural earth that lacks natural resources. However, it thrives acceptable by the hard hightail iting and resilient citizen together with the influx of one million foreign endowments and workers to hike its economic system. The so radical Prime Minister of Singapore, Mr. Lee Kuan Yew, was the drive force behind to stock the importance of instruction, forcing through the authorization for bilingual literacy with face being the origin lingual communication and a female p bent lingua ( Chinese, Malayan and Tamil ) being the 2nd lingu al communication in the instruction system.In recent old ages, on that point has being an increasing idiomatic expression in school prep atomic number 18dness which is to tidy sum fleeceable kids for the compulsory autochthonic instruction ( Kirkland, E.S. , 2002 ) . As shown by assorted inquiry consequences, early literacy is the cardinal constituent to accomplish that. The term bilingual literacy is to depict a soulfulness hold outing the ability to talk, listen, read and compose in two lingual communications. In fact, there is an come forwardlook that when a kid turns seven, he is to be comparatively bilingual by being able to grok and practice English as the first linguistic communication and M other Tongue ( Chinese, Malay or Tamil ) as the 2nd linguistic communication. William and Lundstrom ( 2007 ) emphasized the demand for careful planning and direction by trained and skilled instructors in order for a kid to emerge as confident talker, hearer, contributor and author.Research Question utilizing instance work labialiseThe research inquiry for this instance look back is How is bilingual reading promoted in school for the 4-6 old ages old? Since 75 % of Singapore s population are Chinese ( Statistics Singapore, 2009 ) , the two linguistic communications for this survey shall be the English and Chinese. The topics in this instance survey are 13 4-6 old ages old kids from the babys room and kindergarten categories go toing a child care Centre in Singapore taught by troika instructors. They are the Chinese Teacher who uses vocals, rimes and word ventures to strike Chinese linguistic communication the English Teacher who uses Thematic Approach to carry on her lesson and the Enrichment Teacher who uses flash cards, phonics and word games to get reading in English.The end of this instance survey is to uncover how preschool instructors in Singapore facilitate bilingual reading in the linguistic communication and literacy development of immature kids to fix them for their following phase of larning. Despite the unfavorable judgment of instance surveies, it is famous that the chief characteristic of instance survey is really utile and useful to research and look into real-life con school make amidst instructors and kids. By utilizing interview and observation, research workers lead be able to hear the voices of instructors and kids when roll uping informations and findings for the intent of this research survey. As described by Johnson and Onwuegbuzie ( 2004 ) , both quantitative and qualitative informations allow for be collected to triangulate the consequences in the assorted research methods ( Ng, E. 2010 ) . literary productions reappraisalReadingReading on a lower floor linguistic communication and literacy accomplishments is farther sub-divided into assorted constituents such(prenominal) as apply and Print Awareness Phonological and Phonemic Awareness Word quotation and Comprehension. The KCG lists a set of cardinal cognition, accomplishments and temperaments purposes to steer pre-school instructors in developing an suspend parentage of study that would back up and advance kids s achievement and development ( MOE, 2008 ) . This list is meant to steer instructors to supply chances for kids to get the verbalize cognition, accomplishments and temperaments. For illustration, below reading strand, word acknowledgment is non expected of nursery kids, nevertheless, by the cut the kid is 5 or 6-years old, it is expected that they be able to combine sounds to read 3-letter- haggling, read some frequence words, read a grasp of words by decrypting or by sight, and read simple sentences. Upon showtime from his kindergarten old ages, the ultimate end for a kid is to be darling prepared and equipped with accomplishments to manage the course of study outlook in the primary school old ages in front.Reading is a cardinal accomplishmentIn 1998, the joint-position musical theme of t he National fellowship for the Education of Young Children ( NAEYC ) and the International Reading Association ( wrath ) , reported that Learning to read and compose is critical to a kid s mastery in school and later in life . The Access focalize Bettering Results for All Students K-8 had a akin endeavor reported that reading is a cardinal accomplishment that defines the academic success or failure of pupils . During the Emergent and Early Literacy Workshop in Bethesda ( 2000 ) , Dr. Barbara Foorman from the University of Texas, Houston medical examination School, reported that 88 per centum of pupils who were hapless readers in first class were hapless readers in 4th class and 87 per centum of pupils who were good readers in first class were good readers in 4th class ( National Institute of wellness, 2000, 9 ) . These surveies showed a strong co-relation between the academic success of the kid and the ability to read and compose in preschool old ages. To province it bold ly we can roughly foretell a kid s academic success in life upon his kindergarten graduation twelvemonth. Therefore it has become indispensable and pressing to learn preschool kids to read and compose aptly, enabling them to accomplish today s naughty criterions of literacy ( NAEYC and IRA, 1998 ) . However, it has besides being reported by experient instructors that the kids they teach today are more diverse in their backgrounds, give births, and abilities. With this increasing diverseness among immature kids, it is more and more overpowering for instructors to be expected to bring forth a uninterrupted result for all.Reading is a Erudite SkillReading is a erudite accomplishment and non a biological waking up. The ability to read does non develop of course. It is the result of perpetual development and acquirement. As emergent reader is invariably emerging, immature kids pass on go through through variant phases of reading accomplishments and will suit different kinds of reading troubles ( Adams and Bruck, 1993 ) . During the workshop by National Institute of Health ( 2000 ) , Nelson, N. of Western Michigan University said that instead than waiting for failure, one burden precedence is for trained and skilled instructors to fix kids to derive good reading accomplishments with limited types of cognition in reading and composing success during the preschool old ages. The end is to read with eloquence, truth, run acrossing and enjoyment. IRA and NAEYC ( 1998 ) believe that early childhood instructors need to under radix the developmental continuum of reading and authorship and be skilled in a assortment of schemes. They could so do instructional determinations ground on their cognition, current research and appropriate outlooks to scaffold kids s acquisition.Reading SchemesRecently, schemes for reading have received considerable attending in the professional literature nevertheless it is improbable for any teaching method or attack to be effectual on its ain. An on-going appraisal of kids s cognition and accomplishments will decidedly assist instructors to be after effectual direction ( NAEYC &038 A IRA, 1998 ) . Dr. Rao of National Institute of Education in Singapore defines reading schemes as how readers conceive a undertaking, how they make sense of what they read, and what they do when they do non understand . Reading schemes as listed by the National Curriculum for England ( 1999 ) are phonemic consciousness and phonics knowledge word Recognition and in writing cognition grammatical consciousness and most significantly, contextual apprehension. These schemes are meant to learn kids completely scope of reading accomplishments such as cognizing the sound and name the earn of the first principle, link sound and missive forms, able to place and intermix phonemes in words, read on sight high frequence words and other familiar words, acknowledge words with common spelling forms and acknowledge specific parts of words, u nderstand how word orders affects significance, decipher innovative words, work out the sense of a sentence and focal point on intending derived from the text as a whole. Thereafter, instructor could integrate word games utilizing acquired phonics cognition to do larning more merriment for kids.Phonicss KnowledgeIn the web site of the National Institute for Literacy, it states that Phonics is the relationships between the letters ( characters ) of written linguistic communication and the single sounds ( phonemes ) of spoken linguistic communication. The end of phonics direction is to assist early readers to acknowledge familiar words accurately and automatically and to decrypt new words. Phonicss instructions need to be systematic and expressed in order to be effectual. Weaver, C. ( 1994 ) stated some ways instructors can assist kids to develop phonics knowledge such as indicating out interesting forms of oncomings and frosts during shared reading experiences and prosecute kids in activities that honour their natural acquisition of the letter/sound relationships. These activities can mask as games to play in category and can be tailored and catered so to the assorted age groups. The end is to prosecute kids s head to get phonics knowledge that lead to word acknowledgment accomplishments.Phonicss Word GamesSome illustrations of phonics word games are presenting alphabet sound, kids are to fit get downing sound of the alphabet with the images utilizing chart and cards, or to name things in the environment that begin with a peculiar alphabet. If kids are older, they can play card game similar to the game Snap where they will snarl at alphabets that begin the equal image shown in the Centre. Another illustration of a word game is the fishing game whereby kids will move out alphabets cards abanthroughd with a paper cartridge holder, and a fishing rod with a little magnet attached to the terminal so that kids will examine bends to angle the needed alphabe t cards. Such games can be played by playgroup kids to angle out the alphabets requested by instructors or it could be scaffold for kindergarten kids to larn basic spelling accomplishments where they will angle out all the alphabets to spell simple words they have learnt.Reading Schemes for Chinese addressInterestingly, the reading schemes and word games are non restrictive in larning the English Language. It can be adapted and used by linguistic communication instructors to learn kids other linguistic communications such as the Chinese Language which has its ain set of schemes.E-learningTraditionally, Chinese Language has being taught by smooth rote larning for coevalss. With the promotion in engineering, primary schools in Singapore are undergoing transmutation to recommend learning Chinese Language in a merriment and originative manner. The advanced thought of utilizing the iFlashBook , an on-line service compound multimedia, speech acknowledgment engineering and a content-ri ch library to congratulate the mainstream primary school text editions. Children can electronics learn besides known as elearning by pull stringsing through the lessons with words being read out to them and their voices recorded as a signifier of feedback. These ebooks are open by through annual subscription fee ( Creative Technology Ltd, Singapore ) .Hanyu PinyinReading Chinese characters with the aid of English alphabets and its phonemes are known as Hanyu Pinyin, the Romanization of the Chinese characters. Hanyu Pinyin was introduced to school about 30 old ages ago to the upper primary onwards. However, it has do a all important(predicate) presence in the Chinese Language course of study such that all Primary one student are merely larning Hanyu Pinyin during their first six month in school. This is to help kids in reading and be able to identify in maps for the electronics resources made available in recent old ages.Chinese Fictional characters in PictureAs ancient Chinese c haracters are derived from the forms and visual aspects of objects, another advanced and originative thought is to utilize images to picture its form and significance of the words. These images make larning the Chinese characters merriment and light-colored by merely tie ining them with the existent signifier ( Tan, R. 2004 ) . For illustration, the Chinese personality c? read as huo agencies fire has its word image bony to look like a fire so as to stand for the significance of the word.Lending AreasIn a study done by The Access Center on the scheme to violate results for all pupils K-8, research grounds had pointed to leash effectual lending factors in order for any environment to better literacy. These factors are classroom stuffs, the function of the instructor, and schoolroom design and layout. Another of import factor beyond schoolroom environment is the function of parent s engagement by being active in their kids s acquisition experiences. We will further depict each o f these factors presented.a ) Classroom MaterialsResearch grounds has shown that there is a demand to hold knowing choice and usage of stuffs in order to develop an environment to back up literacy accomplishments in immature kids. The usage of signifiers and maps of print aid to function as a foundation from which kids become progressively sensitive to missive forms, names, sounds and words. In the study done by Gunn, Simmons, &038 A Kammeenui, ( 1995 ) to derive apprehension in the map of print, one of the term to specify emergent literacy was the consciousness of the utilizations of print from specific ( eg. doing shop lists, reading street marks, looking up information ) to general ( eg. geting cognition, imparting instructions, keeping relationships ) .B ) The Role of the TeacherTo back up that, instructors could incorporate phone books, account of fare, and other written stuffs into pupil drama so that kids will be able to see the connexions between the written word and spok en linguistic communication. For pupils to hold entree to a assortment of resources, instructors are to supply many books in the schoolroom library to keep pupil s betrothal and expose them to assorted subjects and thoughts. Teachers could besides supply activities within the schoolroom such as linguistic communication and literacy drama, reading aloud, storybook reading, reading to dolls, composing notes to friends, doing obtain lists, and taking telephone messages. This will let kids to better reading accomplishments and experience joy and power associated with literacy. Seizing these docile minutes and supply developmentally appropriate stuffs and interactions will farther literacy development ( Gunn, Simmons, &038 A Kammeenui, 1995 ) .degree Celsius ) Classroom tendency and LayoutThe physical environment of the schoolroom is important for developing literacy growing in kids. Surveies suggested that physical agreement of the schoolroom can advance clip with books ( IRA &038 A NEAYC, 1998 ) such as in the library Centre to hold tonss of comfy infinites for kids to curve up and loosen up with a book books are to beautifully expose and be accessible to kids. By provide marionettes, composing stuffs and listening equipments will promote kids to widen their reading experiences. maneuver paper, pens, pencils, crayons throughout the room to promote kids to compose . Finally, display kids s work and images.vitamin D ) Parent-Child Mediated Learning Experience ( MLE )Russell, et.al ( 2008 ) reported a important correlativity between parent who have given the affect, focal point, attending, and communication of a feeling of competency for larning and their children s optimum public debut . It has being noted that the parents today are more educated and intelligent. By reading widely, they have kept themselves abreast with latest engineering and find. Furthermore, most folk family are now dual-income and younger twosomes are choosing for smaller househo ld unit with merely one or two kids. This alteration in household construction is get downing to engender a different civilization in modern parents. They are more unfastened to new methodological analysiss and doctrines with the underlying purpose to supply the best for their kids as stated in the front screen of Tony Buzan s Brain Child ( 2003 ) that says How yen Parents Make Smart Kids . The new strain of parents would travel the excess stat mi to foster their kids. They view it as a wise and shrewd long haul investing in their kids s instruction in order to make their fullest potency in the hereafter. Therefore another important factor that is beyond schoolrooms environment which could develop literacy in kids is the active engagement of parents in their kids s development.DecisionReading is a cardinal accomplishment and is indispensable and pressing to learn preschool kids to read and compose aptly so as to accomplish today s high criterions of literacy. This could be achi eved by integrating reading schemes carefully plan and instructed by skilled instructors.

My Most Memorable Person

My mother Is without a doubt the some memorable someone in my whole life. Her name is Cathedral Lahore. When I describe my mother, in that respect Is nothing critical about it It Is all admiration. She works as a Government employee In our town for almost 20 years. She always deals concourse e truly(prenominal) day with different personalities. Seeing her at work Is very awe-inspiring, especially her ability to connect and communicate with other people.I adore her very much. She made many sacrifices to raise me. She dedicated all her time and confinement to bring me up. She always lends her shoulder for me to cry on during my bad times. She was a person that brightens up a room with her smile and helps everyone who Is In need. When she smiles, It Is as If she Is using all her might Just to see If It could get bigger. Her eye are as black as the starry night proficient of sparkling stars. Her skin, the color white, flawlessly smooth before the rippling winds.She is a wonderful person whom I admire and love unconditionally forever. Her rowing of advices, her tender loving care, her unfading support, her encouraging thoughts everyday makes her my most memorable. I remember one thing she told me last Christmas, nag, study wisely, dont hesitate to signalize me everything you need, I will always be here point you with your Daddy, backing you and will always love you all the way, I love you. Thats the most heart melting feeling ever that I have experienced.Having a mother like her is the most precious thing that was given to me by our Almighty Father, shes everything to me. For me, having her in my life makes me so special than others. I am so special that shes always by my side, always supporting me, guiding me and most of all loving me unconditionally no matter who am I or even how worst my attitude is. Shes always on that point to accept me. That makes her a gem, rare and hard to find. I love her so much thats all what matters.

The bard by john martin

Hi narrative picture shows ere then conside passing as the grand style of video even though these paintings never really caught on in the British market, mainly due to their huge dimensions. On the contrary, landscape was considered a kickoff genre. Despite these impediments, both of them had successful cargoners and raised landscape to the height of diachronic paintings. Another characteristic both painters shared was the inclusion of the Sublime in their art, which was very popular at the time. According to E. Burkes definition, the Sublime localizees on darkness, sizeableness, magnificence, tawdriness and denseness.I w unhealed analyze how when commenting on the painting The Bard. Turners paintings had greatly Impressed Martin precisely their approach to historical paintings was quite different. They both portrayed grandiose representations of level and told stories about the Immensity of nature compared with the smallness of men. But when Turner was to a greater extent i nterested in fate and how men were powerless in the grandness of nature,John Martin oriented his works towards the Divine and the representation of grand biblical themes stimulate by the Old Testament.John Martins paintings were mainly ground on religious and terrific subjects. His most celebrated works were Pallbearers Feast, The Great day of his rage, the Destruction of Stood and Sonogram or the Seven Plagues of Egypt, amongst others. The Bard does not belong to to this category but is tranquillise one representation of his conception of his art. It Is based on ancient British hi fable. Martins Bard was first exhibited In 1817 and Is an example off poem, the Bard, written In 1757 by Thomas Gray.The mom tells the story of the last surviving bard In Wales who climbed above a swirling river after(prenominal) Edward I and the English troops defeated the country. Martin Is telling us intimately word for word the same story. This is both a poetical painting as the bard was the official poet of the ruler and his court and a political painting portraying the king and his troops. This painting is huge in surface (it is over 2 meters high). The story told is divided by the river which creates a chasm between the two halves of the minting, one with its chiaroscuro side with the bard overcoming the other side with the military.In the left- dig(a) foreground the dwarfed figures of the king and his soldiers overpowered by the castle which despite the defeat still stands erect. On the right- hand side, there are rocky cliffs, on upper side of which the bard stands erect immobile on his two feet, proudly dimension his harp. His similarly being In the foreground but so often higher conveys the moral disparity between the two parties. His left hand points towards the sky, the bard Is the prophet who he Is telling the king that punishment ill come, not through human hands but through the Delve.There are hardly any warm tones, only some dark red on the figures, l inking them, there is no doubt that atmosphere and adds to the tragedy of the story told. Although the figures are important in order to tell the story, the landscape is the focus of the story, it is the drama that overpowers all other impressions. The wild, chaotic landscape with its spectacular effects, the vastness of the scale and the power of the noble bard give a exuberant representation of the sublime.Also, we, as risers, are safe but, like the soldiers, we are compelled to pick up up at the Bard and the Divine could also destroy us. We fuddle great admiration for the Bard who, we know, will commit suicide, but we also fear what fate has in store for us. Although John Martins paintings gradually neglect into oblivion after his death, his paintings have recently been exhibited and commented upon. His works have inspire many film makers and he is now considered a cinematic painter. whizz example is C. B. De Mille, Moses in his film the Ten Commandments has a striking res emblance with the Bard.

Conclusion and implication Essay

Failure to make use of available imperil-reduction schooling and measures of known effectiveness constitutes an other(a)(prenominal) general form _or_ system of government issue. It is one that assists to feature the ongoing UN-sponsored supranational Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (Mitchell, 1988). In many places it would be possible to mitigate losses simply by putting what is known into effect. For instance, the value of warning and evacuation systems has been proven repeatedly yet such systems are often underused.Likewise, estimate-mitigation schemes offer consistent paths toward reducing the pine-term costs of disasters but they are often resisted in opt of instant post-disaster relief, insurance, and compensation programmes. Why do individuals and governments fail to make optimum use of available knowledge? There is no single make to this question. A large number of factors are involved. inadequacy of agreement just about definition and identification of pr oblem wishing of attentiveness of hazards Misperception or misjudgement of risks Lack of awareness of suitable responses Lack of proficiency to make use of responses Lack of money or resources to pay for responses Lack of harmonization among institutions Lack of charge to correlation between disasters and development Failure to treat hazards as link problems whose components require simultaneous attention (i. e. reciprocity) Lack of access by bear on populations to decision-making Lack of overt confidence in scientific knowledge conflict goals among populations at risk Fluctuating salience of hazards (competing priorities) Public opposition by negatively affected individuals and groups. Underlying all of these explicit reasons is a larger problem. It is this society fails to take care of congenital hazards as complex systems with some(prenominal) components that often require simultaneous attention. We tinker with one or another aspect of these systems when what are required are system-wide strategies. Perhaps even more than significant, we fail to address the direct connection between natural hazard systems and economic investment decisions that drive the procedure of development and affect the potential for disasters.That such links subsist has been known for a very long time If a man owes a debt, and the storm engulfs his field and carries out the produce, or if the grain has not grown in the field, in that twelvemonth he shall not make any revisit to the creditor, he shall bowdlerise his contract and he shall not pay interest for that year. But primarily of the decisions that are taken to build invigorated facilities or redevelop aged ones, or to take on new production and distribution processes, or to develop new land, or to effectuate a myriad of other development goals are not currently very receptive to considerations of natural hazards.They must become so. And that is a task that will require a great deal of effort by natural hazard scientists to go beyond the laboratory and the research office or the field examine site to obtain an understanding of how best to apply their expertise in public settings. It will also need the users of scientific information about hazards (architects, engineers, planners, banks and mortgage companies, international development agencies, and investment financiers) to foster a inversely interactive correlation with the scientists who are producers of that information.ontogenesis is only one of the principal(prenominal) public issues that overlap with natural hazards reduction. Others include environmental management public health security (personal, social, and national) and urbanization. All of them are major hitch sets in their own right, each patterned by philosophical and managerial disputes and dubious issues. Efforts to work out commonly supportive policies and programmes raise entirely new sets of appropriate issues for hazards experts. References Dombrowsky, Wolf R. 1995.Again and Again Is a Disaster What We surround Disaster? Some Conceptual Notes on Conceptualizing the Object of Disaster Sociology. International Journal of mass Emergencies and Disasters (Nov. ), Vol. 13, No. 3, 241-254. Crozier, M. and Friedberg, E. (1979) Macht und Organisation, Berlin Athenaum. (in German). IDNDR (International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction). 1996. Cities at risk Making cities safer before disaster strikes. Supplement to No. 28, go against Disasters. Geneva IDNDR. Maskrey, Andrew. 1989.Disaster mitigation A community based approach. Development Guidelines No. 3. Oxford Oxfam. Mitchell, crowd together K. 1988. Confronting natural disasters An international decade for natural hazard reduction. Environment 30(2) 2529. Mitchell, crowd K. 1989. take chancess research. In Gary Gaile and Cort Willmott (eds. ), Geography in America. Columbus, OH Merrill publication Company, pp. 410 424. Mitchell, James K. 1993b.Recent developments in haza rds research A geographers perspective. In E. L. Quarantelli and K. Popov (eds.), Proceedings of the United StatesFormer Soviet Union Seminar on genial Science Research on Mitigation for and Recovery from Disasters and Large eggshell Hazards. Moscow, April 19 26, 1993. Vol. I The American participation. Newark University of Delaware, Disaster Research Center, pp. 4362. Mitchell, James K. and Neil Ericksen. 1992. Effects of climate changes on weather-related disasters. In Irving Mintzer (ed. ), Confronting climate change Risks, implications and responses. Cambridge Cambridge University Press, pp. 141152. Mitchell, James K. , Neal Devine, and Kathleen Jagger.1989.A contextual model of natural hazard. Geographical Review 89(4) 391409. Myers, bloody shame Fran and Gilbert F. White. 1993. The challenge of the Mississippi flood. Environment 35(10) 69, 2535. Parker, D. J. and J. W. Handmer, eds. 1992. Hazard management and emergency planning Perspectives on Britain. London James & angstrom unit James. Showalter, Pamela S. and Mary F. Myers. 1994. Natural disasters in the United States as release agents of oil, chemicals or radiological materials between 19801989 Analysis and recommendations. Risk Analysis 14(2) 169182. Setchell, C. A. 1995. The growing environmental crisis in the worlds megacities The case of Bangkok. Third World be after Review 17(1) 118. Wynne, Brian. 1992. Uncertainty and environmental learning Reconceiving science and policy in the preventive paradigm. Global Environmental Change 2(2) 111 127. Yath, A. Y. 1995. On the sound projection of rural inmigrants from Greater Khartoum The example of the Dinka in Suq el Markazi. GeoJournal 36(1) 93101. Zelinsky, W. and L. Kosinski, L. 1991. Emergency evacuation of cities. London Unwin Hyman.

Managing Stress and a Balance Lifestyle within the Profession of Nursing

The effect to make a variation was the st driftgy campaign utilized by a recruitment organization to promote aw beness and spark of pursual in nursing c atomic number 18ers among youth. Research demonstrates todays youth enrol nursing for the comparable reason defends in the past have chosen nursing which is to help people or make a difference in peoples lives (Bevill).Presently, nursing practice is con viewrably the largest health c atomic number 18 duty globally. Private homes, schools, long term care facility, hospitals, community facilities, industry, physicians offices, phalanx and civil service arenas is the range of work settings that the said medical profession may be administered. Nurses act in alliance with social workers, physicians, accommodate practitioners, somatogenetic therapists and other health professionals in providing care delivery. In operation as front line members of the health care delivery team, uncomplaining advocacy is one of intimately sig nificant responsibility bestowed upon nurses.Acting as care provider is the professions chief duty along with other repugn roles which comprises of being patient educator, researcher and counselor. This profession includes providing emotional and physical care, comfort, health monitoring of patients, health education and crisis intervention, tasks directed by physicians, discharge planning, and empowering patients toward bouncing manner.Though highly honored and considered prized associates of the medical team, crises among nurses are tremendously increasing. health paradoxs, physical and emotional stress, sexual harassment and staffing shortages are the major reasons that cephalalgia nurse retention. The professions work conditions contribute mainly to shortage.Nurses occupy their young is the famous lines in a 1976 movie classic and the vilest debate coming from new nurses. It is called horizontal distaste, which is aggressive behavior such as bullying, verbal abuse, and violence directed at co-workers who are on the same power level. And it is born out of a sense of powerlessness (Bartholomew). It is the most frequent issue among newly graduates given that many have spy that older or senior nurses tend to become unhelpful, unaccommodating, and fault-finding in foothold of their dealings with new nurses. They are chitchatmingly called the workplace bullies, they take amusement in looking at new nurses muddle up with perform their assigned tasks instead of helping their work buddies and acting as condole with and supportive mentor.According to a Peter D. Hart Research Associates work (April 2001), the top reason why nurses leave patient care, besides retirement, is to see a job that is less stressful and less physically demanding (56%).When asked what the biggest problem with nursing is, respondents who were in active nursing practice cited understaffing (39%) and the stress and physical demands of the job (Aiken 12). Restructuring programs do ne by most hospitals only brought further effect to nurses since it affected workload, roles and authority.These programs include cutting back of auxiliary staffs which suggested that nurses do the lifting and act of patients and getting more patients to care for means increase in mistakes and stress. These are the working conditions that cause anxiety and stress to nurses. Exposure to risks such as physical stress and health problems like back pain and continuing fatigue due to obese patients that were lifted by the nurses which supposedly be the duty of auxiliary staffs. Nurses work overtime, research shows high divorce rate among health care professionals. They work more than 16 hours sometimes two-baser shift instead of 8-12 hours normal work schedule. This includes going to work on holidays when their entire family is at home while they look after patients.another(prenominal) example of occupational hazard among nurses is sexual harassment. Nurses are the targets of sexual assaults may it be offensive jokes, unwanted winks, and touching. Tension among nurses happens since they have to maintain a wall between self-protection and professional responsibility.Nurses came to feel that they would meet a wall of physician resistance to their own care goals unless they subtly manipulated the physicians, whose tenuous egos seemed to require that significant care be all their idea. Gordon argues that nurses even true their own obfuscatory language to ensure that they were not perceived as diagnosing, treating or curing patients, which could mean encroaching on medical turf. Poor colloquy between the professions is common, and bad relations with physicians are a major factor in in nurse burnout (Gordon). This kind of incidence in the workplace brings quandary and stress to nurses. Most nurses try to behave professionally by whitewash remaining courteous to physicians and reluctant to speak up.In relation to nurse behavior, according to American Nurses Assoc iation survey found that 55 per centum of nurses disheartened by their experience in the profession would not propose a nursing career to their children and friends. And one study has shown that if a hospitals nurses are unhappy, chances are that their patients are unhappy as well (Aiken 20).According to researchers, nurses who are the target of bullying are prone to developing psychological side effects including post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression or insomnia, all of which can start to poor work performance. In the report, Health Care at the articulation Strategies for Addressing the Evolving breast feeding Crisis, the Joint Commission suggests facilities that find bullying and intimidation to be a problem should adopt a zero-tolerance policy to enforce proper behavior in the workplace. The report also calls for the hospital to be held responsible for educational initiatives so all staff members understand what is considered inappropriate behavior (Sounart).W orks CitedAiken, Linda. Health Care at the Crossroads Strategies for Addressing the Evolving Nursing Crisis. JointCommission. 23 February 2007. Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. 2 may 2008. http//www.jointcommission.org/NR/rdonlyres/5C138711-ED76-4D6F-909F-B06E0309F36D/0/health_care_at_the_crossroads.pdf.Bartholomew, Kathleen. Why Nurses Eat Their Young A look at nurse-to-nurse hostility and why it occurs. RealityRN. 4 March 2008. New Nurses Real Conversation. 2 May 2008. http//www.realityrn.com/more-articles/power-authority/why-nurses-eat-their-young%E2%80%A6/542/.Bevill, Billy. Nursing The Power to Make a Difference Campaign. NC. 1 March 2001. NC Center for Nursing. 2 May 2008. http//www.ga.unc.edu/NCCN/recruitmentandretention/youth/resourcescampaign.htm.Gordon, Suzanne. Nursing Against the betting odds How Health Care Cost-Cutting, Media Stereotypes, and Medical Hubris Undermine Nursing and Patient Care. Nursing Advocacy. 19 July 2005. Cornell Univ ersity Press. 2 May 2008. http//www.nursingadvocacy.org/media/books/nursing_against_odds.html.Sounart, Amanda. Many Nurses Report Abusive intercession at Work. Travel Nursing. 2008. AMN Healthcare, Inc. 2 May 2008. http//www.travelnursing.com/News.aspx?ArticleID=17746.

Alexander the Great Essay 9

horse parsley the Great black lovage the Great was a king and conqueror. He is comm still referred to as the just ab turn out powerful attraction of on the whole time. What is it that makes him such a powerful attracter? What has he accomplished that has made him so significant? Were his accomplishments positive or invalidating? These be all questions that when combined as one draw a debate that has been going on for decades. There are those who extol horse parsleys military achievements and ability to carve out the largest pudding stone the world has tickn. Then at that place are those who perceive him as a selfish, cruel madman with drinking problems.This paper will outline the contrary positionings taken on horse parsley and the question as to what his significance/ entrance was and whether it was good or bad. horse parsley the Great was the son of Phillip II, king of Macedonia. Phillip had unendingly done much to prepare him for a military and political forth com ing (Lewis 48). black lovage served as a regent for his mother at the little age of 16 for the start of his military career. After the assassination of his father he obtained the throne in 336 B. C. E. and leader of the League of Corinth. In 335 B. C.E he crushed Macedonias borders and destroyed the city of Thebes. This ca employ Athens to reefer the league with no fight. 334 B. C. E. was the year of his first great victory, which opened Asia nipper to seduction. He then, in 333, met the Persian King for the first time and caused him to scarper by charging even though Alexander was outnumbered. This was the beginning of the end for Persia. Alexander went on and in his 13 year reign was conquering the Mediterranean, forming crude cities, and producing an empire touching on 3 continents and encompassing 2 trillion sq miles (OBrien 44).Such work is something one should be proud of and many pair that conquering all of Persia in such a short summation of time is Alexander the Greats biggest accomplishment. Balcer obviously agrees with that stating that Alexander succeeded in forming the largest western empire of the ancient world and removing Persian intervention in Greek personal business (Balcer 121-122). Sacks obviously agrees as well saying that his principal achievement was the seduction of the empire of Persia,(14).The perspective of many scholars is that Alexander really was the greatest leader and through the conquering he undertook he achieved many great things. This is the side of the debate in which scholars find Alexanders significance to be a positive thing. It is argued he was a military genius with smoothing iron will and boundless ambition, (OBrien 45). Scholar Edmund Burke clearly supports this idea in saying that in his accession to the Macedonian throne his foundation of Alexandria, conquest of the Persian Empire and his strategic and tactical genius makes him a subtitle (Burke 67).He was not the only scholar to refer to him as a l egend for a professor at Boise State notes that Alexander exhibited tremendous bravery, didnt let a wound stop him, neer lost a battle, had those around him believe he was invincible, and knew and loved his men. unite all these factors created an army that could not be stopped and its accomplishments outdid anything that had been seen yet. Alexander and his man had become a legend, (Knox). Alexander had as well been seen as the cogitate for successfully spreading Greek culture that still exists today.Oriental and Greek cultures intermix and flourished as a result of the Empire, making Greek culture his authorized legacy (Balcer 124). The Hellenistic Era took place right after Alexanders death and he is said to be the one who ushered this entrancing era. (OBrien 46). The scholars are right, Alexander truly is a legend for he was the finest line of business commander of the ancient world and remade the map of the ancient world (Sacks 14). non just anyone can achieve such suc cess, there seems to be something preternatural somewhat this man.Yet, not everyone agrees that he was so extraordinary. Yes, he did carve out the largest empire and at an amazingly rapid pace but his aims and ambitions were opposite than spreading Hellenism throughout the western Mediterranean and near the east. He was a self-confident man who only wanted to conquer for self-pleasure. Alexander is the reason that corruption and peculation were treated with casualness during this time. His pleasure was when his peoples were loyal to him and that was all that was necessary for his approval.It was because of him that Macedonia lost its manpower through the strenuous battles he ceaselessly fought. He left(p) it as a weakened kingdom. His empire is apt(p) so much credit but it was only based on rapid military conquest and died right after his death (Stoneman 92-94). It is believed that Alexander conquered to rule, not to blend cultures. Heavy drinking led to disastrous incidents a nd hastened his death. An vitrine of such a disaster was the burning down of Persepolis in a drunken revel. This is not an attribute of a good leader.He also lacked long-range planning and neglected his kingdoms future by exhausting himself in warfare while he delayed fathering a royal successor. His selfishness is proved by his act of casually killing any threats to the throne at the beginning of his reign (Sacks 15). Those who see Alexander in a negative manner obviously have quite strong opinions about it. They see him as more of a madman than the most powerful leader. It is blue to see where they get their assumptions from for they fount at the bloodshed part of Alexanders reign.Instead of focusing on the rare ability he had to conquer so successfully the use the old journals and other texts used to learn about Alexander and dont see recent the drunken stories and jump to the negative side of his actions to make them cruel. Those who make assumptions about him being the gre atest military leader of all time look at the historical records we have of them and analyze his tactics realizing they really are extraordinary. No other person has conquered so much, so fast and left such a legacy.I agree with those who see him as a significantly positive influence so its easier to see where they are coming from. I look at the whole picture his achievements were unlike anyone elses in history and as a King he was only trying to do the better for his country. He deserves the credit he has legitimate for spreading Greek culture there is no other demeanor it would have happened. Scholar Burke put it perfectly when in his condition he states, when mention is made of a man of action and genius, there is perhaps no one of the ancients who so quickly comes to mind as Alexander the Great (Burke 67).

Education in “The Republic” & “Discourse on the Arts and Sciences”

The role and significance of grooming with check to g all overnmental and social institutions is a subject that has interested policy-making philosophers for millennia. In particular, the views of the ancient Greek philosopher Plato, as evidenced in The Re popular, and of the pre-Romantic philosopher blue jean Jacques Rousseau in his Discourse on the Arts and Sciences, present a smash juxtaposition of the two extremes of the ongoing philosophical and political debate over the function and value of preparation.In this paper, I volition argue that Rousseaus repudiation of information, while imperfect and offering no exempt to the ills it disparages, is superior inasmuch as it comes closer to the truth of things than does Platos idealized conceptions. To do so, I willing stolon examine Platos interpretation of the role of education and its function in defining the structure of hunting lodge and government and in producing reasoned citizens. I will then introduce Rousseau s view of education and the negative effects of the cultivate culture which it produces, and using this view, will attempt to illustrate the naivete and over-idealization of Platos notions.Finally, I will attempt to demonstrate that it is Rousseaus view, kinda than Platos, that is ultimately more epochal in assessing the actual (vs. idealized) merits (or lack thitherof, in Rousseaus case) by which education should be judged with regard to the nurturance of good citizens. For Plato, the question of the role of education arises near the can of Book II (377e), after a discussion of both the demand and consequent attributes of Socrates kallipolis or Ideal City.Such a city, Socrates argues, will, before long, accommodate need of both a specialization of labor (in stray for the superlative level of diversity and luxury of goods to be achieved) and of the establishment of a grade of defenders to encourage the city from its envious neighbors and maintain order within its walls ( i. e. , to law and govern the city). This, in turn, leads inexorably to the question of what attributes the Ideal City will require of its Guardians, and how best to foster such attributes.The early, childhood education of the Guardians, Socrates argues, is the key. What, then, asks Socrates, should children be taught, and when? This quickly leads to a discussion of censorship. Socrates cites a number of questionable passages from bulls eye which cannot, he thinks, be allowed in education, since they represent dishonorable behavior and make headway the vexation of death. The dramatic form of much of this poetry is also louche it puts unworthy words into the mouths of gods & heroes.Socrates suggests that what we would call direct quotation mustiness be strictly limited to morally-elevating speech. Nothing can be permitted that compromises the education of the young Guardians, as it is they who will one day rule and protect the city, and whom the lesser-constituted citizens of the polis will attempt to emulate, assimilating, via the imitative process of mimesis, to the Myth (or noble populate) of the Ideal City in which justice is achieved when everyone assumes their proper role in society.The process of mimesis, is, of course, yet some other form of education, in which those of Iron and bronze natures be instructed and inspired by the superior intelligence and character of the property and Silver members of the Guardian class. It is therefore a form of education without which the polis cannot operate. Thus, for Guardian and ordinary citizen alike, the education of the young and the continuing instruction of the citizenry be crucial. In assenting to these aspects, Plato also conceives of another function of education, and one which is quite significant in its relation to Rousseaus views.For Plato, education and ethics are interdependent. To be ethical, in turn, requires a twofold movement movement away from tightness in concrete affairs to thi nking and sight of unchanging order and structures (such as justice) and then movement back from dialectic to participation and re-attachment in worldly affairs. It is a temptation to become an abstract scholar. But the vision of the good is the vision of what is good for oneself and the city &8212 of the common good.If one does not return to help his fellow valet de chambre beings, he becomes selfish and in time will be less able to see what is good, what is best. An self-giving devotion to the good requires an unselfish devotion to the realization of this good in human affairs. Just as the purpose of understanding order and limits in ones own life is to bring about order and restraint in ones own character and desires, the understanding of justice requires application in the public sphere (through education). A man who forgets the polis is like a man who forgets he has a body.Plato thus advocates educating both the body and the city (for one inescapably both), not turning ones back on them. If education is, for Plato, the means by which man comes to fully realize (through society) his potential as a human being and by which society as a whole is in turn elevated, for Rousseau it is quite the opposite. Education, argues Rousseau, does not elevate the souls of men but rather corrodes them. The noble mimesis which lies at the heart of education in Platos kallipolis is for Rousseau merely a slavish imitation of the tired ideas of antiquity.The ill effects of this imitation are manifold. Firstly, argues Rousseau, when we devote ourselves to the learning of old ideas, we stifle our own creativity and originality. Where is there room for original thought, when, in our incessant efforts to impress one another with our erudition, we are constantly spouting the ideas of others? In a world impeccant of originality, the mark of greatness, intelligence, and virtue is reduced to nothing more than our ability to satisfy others by reciting the wisdom of the past.This emphasis on originality is in marked line of work with Plato, who finds no value in originality, deeming it antithetical to a polis otherwise merge by shared Myths of the Ideal City and of Metals. Rousseau rejects this unity, rightly denouncing it as a form of slavery , in which humanitys inherent capacity for spontaneous, original self-expression is replaced with the yoking. of the point and the will to the ideas of others, who are often long dead.In addition to suppressing the innate human need for originality, education (and the appetite for culture and edification that it engenders) causes us to enshroud ourselves, to mask our true natures, desires, and emotions. We become artificial and shallow, using our social amenities and our knowledge of literature, etc. , to present a lovely but deceptive face to the world, a notion quite at odds with the ideas of Plato.We assume, in Rousseaus words, the appearance of all virtues, without being in self-will of one of them. Finally , argues Rousseau, rather than postureening our minds and bodies and (a critical point) moving us towards that which is ethical, as Plato contends, education and civilization effeminate and weaken us physically and ( maybe close to significantly) mentally, and cause us, in this weakness, to stoop to every manner of depravity and iniquity against one another. External ornaments, writes Rousseau, are no less foreign to virtue, which is the strength and activity of the mind.The honest man is an athlete, who loves to wrestle stark naked he scorns all those vile trappings, which prevent the exertion of his strength, and were, for the most part, invented only to conceal some deformity. Virtue, as opposed to Platos conception, is an action, and results not from the imitation inherent in mimesis, but rather in the activity &8212 in the exercise &8212 of the body, mind and soul. Education, however, demands imitation, demands a modeling upon what has been successful. How, then, do we righ tly assess the merits of education with regard to its it molding of the public character &8212 in its ability to produce good citizens.The answer to this hinges, I submit, on how we choose to define the good citizen. Clearly, if allegiance (or assimilation to a political ideology, or perhaps volunteer servitude) is the hallmark of the good citizen, then we must regard Platos disposition towards education as the proper one. However, obedience, despite its obvious centrality to the smooth operation of society (as we would have social chaos were it completely absent), has its useful limits. Over-assimilation to a political idea or blueprint is every bit as treacherous &8212 indeed, far more so &8212 as the utter under-assimilation of anarchy.For those inclined to quarrel this, I would urge them to review the history of Nazi Germany as perhaps the definitive example of what sad, awful spectacles of injustice we humans are capable of when we trade in our mental and spiritual autonomy for the well-provided apathy and faceless anonymity of the political ideal. Furthermore, if , as Rousseau contends, our civilization is such that, Sincere friendship, real esteem, and perfect confidence in each other are banished from among men, what is the lumber of the society for which education &8212 any modern education &8212 purports to prepares us?When, Jealousy, suspicion, fear coldness, reserve, hate, and fraud lie constantly concealed under a uniform and duplicitous veil of politeness, what is left to us to educate citizens for, other than the pleasure we look to derive in pedantic displays of hoary knowledge? If we remove the niceness from civilization, what remains to us that any education will remedy?